Abstract:The effect of the vertical resolution of the atmospheric parameter profiles on the simulation of the microwave brightness temperatures is analyzed firstly. The calculation shows that the root mean square differences of the simulated brightness temperatures due to the vertical resolution of the profiles are 0.2~0.7 K. With the numerical experiment used to analyze the effects of the measurement errors of the brightness temperatures of each channel on the retrieval of the atmospheric temperatures, it is shown that the total root mean square retrieval errors are 2.1~3.1 K while the measurement errors of brightness temperatures are 0.2~2.0 K. Furthermore, the effects of the single-channel loss, the single-channel offset and the all-channel offset on retrieving temperature profiles are analyzed. While one channel is lost, there are different effects on the retrieval of the atmospheric temperatures at the levels in the vicinity of the peaks of the weighting functions, and the effects at the other levels can be ignored. While the brightness temperature of any one channel is offset 0.5 K, the effect on the retrieval is slight. While all channels are simultaneously offset up to 1.0 K, the effect is remarkable. Lastly, the results of the numerical calculation indicate that the fog, haze and cirrus cloud have few effects on the brightness temperatures of the microwave channels, while the stratus and cumulus clouds have remarkable effects on the brightness temperatures at 50.50 GHz .