寧夏氣溫、降水、蒸發(fā)的變化及其對(duì)氣候變暖的響應(yīng)

doi:10.3969/2012jms.00**

首頁(yè) > 過刊瀏覽>2006年第卷第4期 >412-421. DOI:10.3969/2012jms.00**

寧夏氣溫、降水、蒸發(fā)的變化及其對(duì)氣候變暖的響應(yīng)
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                        10.3969/2012jms.00**
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P456.7
基金項(xiàng)目:科技部資助項(xiàng)目

THE CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION AND THEIR RESPONSE TO THE CLIMATE WARMING

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本文對(duì)近40多a來(lái)寧夏氣溫、降水、小型蒸發(fā)皿蒸發(fā)量的變化進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明:寧夏年平均氣溫具有明顯的年代際變化特征,1986年附近發(fā)生了一次明顯氣候躍變,躍變后增溫最明顯的是冬季;秋季降水量的年代際變化特征較明顯,在1978年發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折,此前寧夏處于多雨時(shí)段,其后處于降水偏少的氣候背景之中;寧夏小型蒸發(fā)皿蒸發(fā)量近40 a來(lái)存在下降趨勢(shì),下降趨勢(shì)最明顯的季節(jié)是夏季,最明顯的區(qū)域是寧南山區(qū);近年來(lái)寧夏蒸發(fā)量的減少與太陽(yáng)輻射的減弱及水汽壓的增加有關(guān),寧南山區(qū)蒸發(fā)明顯下降,與低云量的減少有關(guān);寧夏平均氣溫對(duì)中國(guó)區(qū)域氣候變暖響應(yīng)明顯,當(dāng)中國(guó)區(qū)域平均氣溫增加1℃(各季及年),寧夏春季平均氣溫約升高1.1℃,夏、秋、冬季及年平均氣溫約升高1.3℃;寧夏春季降水量與中國(guó)區(qū)域同期降水量有密切聯(lián)系;在全球氣候變暖的大背景下,寧夏秋季降水有下降趨勢(shì),冬季降水存在上升趨勢(shì);寧夏氣候有變干的趨勢(shì)。

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The 40 a data of temperature,precipitation and evaporation in Ningxia were analyzed,results show that,the mean temperature in Ningxia has a clear decadal change,and around 1986 there was a obvious climat jump,then it is followed by the significant warming in winter.The decadal change of precipitation in autumn is clear,there is a turn in autumn precipitation in 1978，Ningxia had more precipitation than that in previous years,then turned to less than before.Evaporation in Ningxia declines,the most significant season is summer,and the region is south mountain part of Ningxia correspondingly.The decrease of evaporation in Ningxia is correlated with the decrease of solar radiation and the increase of vapor pressure.The decrease of evaporation in south mountain area related with the decrease of low cloud cover.The average temperature of Ningxia responses evidently to the regional climate warming in China，the spring average temperature in Ningxia increased 1.1 ℃,1.3 ℃ in summer,autumn and winter as that in China increased 1℃.The amount of precipitation of Ningxia in spring is closely related with the total precipitation in China in the same period.In the background of global climate warming,the amount of precipitation in autumn tends to be less and it tends to be more in winter,the climate tends to be drier in Ningxia.

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鄭廣芬,陳曉光,孫銀川,張智,納麗.寧夏氣溫、降水、蒸發(fā)的變化及其對(duì)氣候變暖的響應(yīng).氣象科學(xué),2006,(4):412-421 Zheng Guangfen, Chen Xiaoguang, Sun Yinchuan, Zhang Zhi, Na Li. THE CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION AND THEIR RESPONSE TO THE CLIMATE WARMING. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2006,(4):412-421

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收稿日期:2005-04-13
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