中國南方旱澇時(shí)空分布特征分析

doi:10.3969/2012jms.00**

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中國南方旱澇時(shí)空分布特征分析
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                        10.3969/2012jms.00**
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P429
基金項(xiàng)目:江蘇省“六大人才高峰”項(xiàng)目，教育部留學(xué)回國人員科研啟動(dòng)基金

Spatialtemporal characteristics of the drought and flood in southern China

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摘要:

用1955—2001年我國南方81個(gè)測站全年逐月降水量資料，利用Z指數(shù)確定單站旱澇等級(jí)。結(jié)果表明，春季華中地區(qū)和兩廣交界處更易發(fā)生干旱，湖南與華南沿海地區(qū)降水偏多，出現(xiàn)洪澇的幾率較大；夏秋兩季106~115 °E，23~32 °N區(qū)域和四川西北部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)干旱的頻率較高，洪澇頻率較高地區(qū)主要集中在長江流域，同時(shí)四川南部、云南中部、華南沿海出現(xiàn)大澇的頻率較高；冬季南方大部分地區(qū)發(fā)生旱澇的頻率較小，干旱多發(fā)區(qū)主要集中在云南中部以及江蘇、安徽兩省，西南部出現(xiàn)降水偏多的頻率較高。通過對降水資料的EOF分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國南方春季降水主要為南旱北澇、南澇北旱兩種分布型。夏季降水區(qū)域主要分為長江流域與華南沿海地區(qū)、云南兩個(gè)區(qū)域，而秋、冬季南方降水分布比較均勻，表現(xiàn)為南方一致旱或澇。

Abstract:

Based on the monthly precipitation at 81 stations in southern China during the period from 1955 to 2001, the classification of the drought and flood for each station is performed with the Z index. Results show that in spring the occurrence of the drought was more frequent in central part of China and the boundary between Guangdong and Guangxi, while the flood occurred more frequently in Hunan province and the coastal area in south China. The frequency of the drought in summer and autumn in the area of 106 °E~115 °E, 23 °N~32 °N and northeastern part of Sichuan province is higher, and the higher frequency of flood appeared in the Yangtze valley, central part of Yunnan province and the coastal area in south China. The frequency of drought and flood in winter is lower than in other three seasons in most area of southern China with the high frequency center of drought mainly concentrating in central part of Yunnan, Anhui as well as Jiangsu, and higher freguency of flood appeared in southwestern part of China. By using EOF analysis the precipitation area in spring is mainly divided into the dry region in the north (south) and the moist region in the south (north). The precipitation area in summer is mainly divided into the Yangtze valley, the coastal area in south China and Yunnan province. The distribution of the precipitation in autumn and winter is relatively uniform, namely, either drought or flood in southern China.

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郭銳,智協(xié)飛.中國南方旱澇時(shí)空分布特征分析.氣象科學(xué),2009,(5):598-605 Guo Rui, Zhi Xiefei. Spatialtemporal characteristics of the drought and flood in southern China. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2009,(5):598-605

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