南京市區(qū)不同下墊面對近地層溫度影響

doi:10.3969/2012jms.00**

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南京市區(qū)不同下墊面對近地層溫度影響
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                        10.3969/2012jms.00**
                    
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中圖分類號:P463.211
基金項(xiàng)目:南京市社會(huì)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目( 200701100)

Impacts of different underlying surfaces over urban district in Nanjing on surface layer temperature

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利用南京市內(nèi)設(shè)立在4種不同典型下墊面的自動(dòng)氣象觀測站逐時(shí)溫度資料，采用對比分析方法，分析不同下墊面對城市近地層溫度的影響。結(jié)果表明，城市綠地在日出日落后溫度變化最明顯，春秋兩季溫度變化速率超過2 ℃/h，夏冬兩季也可達(dá)1。2 ℃/h，這使得綠地夜晚溫度較低；城市水體日出日落后的溫度變化速率最小，因而城市水體夜晚溫度較高，尤其在春秋兩季最為明顯；城市中的生活區(qū)和校區(qū)在日出日落后溫度變化速率稍高于城市水體，夜間溫度一般高于綠地，低于水體。另外，不同下墊面對城市氣溫的季節(jié)變化也有影響，城市水體秋冬季節(jié)溫度高，綠地在夏季溫度低，使得溫度的平均年變化減??；城市生活區(qū)和校區(qū)溫度的季節(jié)變化特征與前兩者相反。溫度年變化在四季轉(zhuǎn)換過程中的不均勻性在不同下墊面上也有不同的特點(diǎn)，在冬半年，城市水體溫度的月際變化較大，而綠地月際變化小，夏半年則出現(xiàn)完全相反的情況。

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The data of automatic weather station has been used to analyze the temperature properties at different underlying surfaces in Nanjing. The results showed that temperature change rate after sunrise and sunset in greenbelt was much higher than that on other surfaces, which was over 2 ℃/h in spring and autumn, 1.2 ℃/h in summer and winter. Temperature in greenbelt was lower than that in other sites at night. Water area had the lowest temperature change rate after sunrise and sunset, so its temperature was higher, that was especially obvious in spring and autumn. Temperature change rate in living area and school was a little higher than that in water area, but temperature in living area was higher than greenbelt both during daytime and nighttime, lower than water area. Features of seasonal variation of temperature were also different at different underlying surfaces. In autumn and winter, temperature in water area was high, and in summer temperature in greenbelt was very low, so that these two types of underlying surfaces could reduce the mean annual variation of city temperature. Living area and school had opposite effects. Furthermore, annual variation of temperature was asymmetric. In winter halfyear, monthly variation of temperature was more obvious in water area than that in greenbelt, but in summer halfyear, the situation was the reverse.

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裴海瑛,姜愛軍,葉香.南京市區(qū)不同下墊面對近地層溫度影響.氣象科學(xué),2011,(6):777-783 PEI Haiying, JIANG Aijun, YE Xiang. Impacts of different underlying surfaces over urban district in Nanjing on surface layer temperature. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2011,(6):777-783

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收稿日期:2010-11-12
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2012-05-17
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