2010年5月6日重慶強(qiáng)對(duì)流過程的天氣學(xué)分析

doi:10.3969/2012jms.0100

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2010年5月6日重慶強(qiáng)對(duì)流過程的天氣學(xué)分析
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                        10.3969/2012jms.0100
                    
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基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金(40921160382);"973"項(xiàng)目(2012CB417201);中國氣象局公益性行業(yè)專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目(GYHY200706033);中國氣象局預(yù)報(bào)員專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目(CMAYBY2012-004)

Synoptic analysis of the severe convection event on 6 May 2010 in Chongqing

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利用常規(guī)觀測、NCEP/NCAR再分析、FY-2E衛(wèi)星、多普勒雷達(dá)以及自動(dòng)站觀測資料,對(duì)2010年5月6日重慶強(qiáng)風(fēng)雹、暴雨天氣過程進(jìn)行了天氣學(xué)分析。詳細(xì)討論了各尺度天氣系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展演變及相互作用關(guān)系,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了此次強(qiáng)對(duì)流發(fā)生的天氣背景概念模型。研究結(jié)果表明:這次強(qiáng)對(duì)流過程發(fā)生在中緯度氣旋、反氣旋和高空槽增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的背景下,地面氣旋與反氣旋之間的冷鋒也在南移中逐漸增強(qiáng),而中緯度系統(tǒng)與西南地區(qū)低壓和副熱帶高壓間構(gòu)成的鞍形場在重慶北側(cè)造成鋒生,一方面使得冷鋒西段增強(qiáng),另一方面通過次級(jí)環(huán)流與中層急流正反饋相互作用,加劇重慶中低層輻合抬升運(yùn)動(dòng),既降低了大氣穩(wěn)定度,又為對(duì)流的觸發(fā)形成提供了有利條件。與此同時(shí),重慶低層始終位于西南地區(qū)低壓東北部,偏南氣流不僅輸送了充足的水汽,其伴隨的暖平流還與太陽輻射共同造成了重慶低層的顯著升溫,形成了條件不穩(wěn)定層結(jié)。5月5日夜間冷鋒移至重慶地區(qū),鋒面附近的強(qiáng)輻合造成了對(duì)流的初始發(fā)展,這一過程很可能與冷鋒進(jìn)入四川盆地后的下坡地形有關(guān)。另外,此次天氣過程中副熱帶高空急流造成的強(qiáng)垂直風(fēng)切變和高空輻散也為對(duì)流的強(qiáng)烈發(fā)展提供了有利條件。

Abstract:

With the use of conventional observations, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, FY-2E infrared satellite imagery, Doppler radar and automatic weather stations data, synoptic analysis is conducted of the severe convection event on 6 May 2010 in Chongqing, focusing on the evolutions of different weather systems and their interactions. A conceptual model of synoptic background for this case is proposed. The results show that this event occurred under the background that midlatitude cyclone, anticyclone and upper trough were growing. Between the surface cyclone and anticyclone, a cold front emerged and intensified during southward propagation. Moreover, the extratropical weather systems made up a deformation field with the cyclone in the southwest and the subtropical high which caused frontogenesis north to Chongqing. Consequently, not only the cold front intensified, but a positive feedback interaction resulted as well between low level frontogenesis and midlevel jet via secondary circulation, which enhanced the lower level convergence and associated lifting over Chongqing, destabilizing the atmosphere and providing a possible initiation mechanism. Meanwhile, lower levels over Chongqing was constantly dominated by southerly wind in the eastern part of the southwest cyclone, which transported abundant moisture from South China Sea and provided a very warm environment in company with solar radiation, resulting in conditional instability. Up to the evening of 5 May the cold front had arrived Chongqing and the strong convergence nearby caused initial development of convection. It appears that the formation of the convergence directly responsible for the storms initiation should be related to the downslope topography when the cold front entered into Sichuan Basin. In addition, the subtropical upper level jet induced strong vertical wind shear and upper level divergence were also favorable for the development of deep convection.

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孫一昕,方娟.2010年5月6日重慶強(qiáng)對(duì)流過程的天氣學(xué)分析.氣象科學(xué),2012,32(6):609-621 SUN Yixin, FANG Juan. Synoptic analysis of the severe convection event on 6 May 2010 in Chongqing. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2012,32(6):609-621

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收稿日期:2011-10-21
最后修改日期:2012-03-12
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-01-05
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