滬寧高速公路團(tuán)霧發(fā)生規(guī)律及局地性分析

doi:10.3969/2012jms.0164

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滬寧高速公路團(tuán)霧發(fā)生規(guī)律及局地性分析
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                        10.3969/2012jms.0164
                    
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基金項(xiàng)目:公益性行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項(xiàng)（GYHY200906037-27）；江蘇省科技支撐計(jì)劃（BE2010750）；江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程

Occurrence pattern and local characteristics of dumpling fog events on Shanghai=Nanjing expressway

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摘要:

為探索高速公路團(tuán)霧天氣的發(fā)生規(guī)律和局地性特征，根據(jù)布設(shè)于中國(guó)滬寧高速公路沿線的AWMS系統(tǒng)實(shí)測(cè)資料，對(duì)2006—2009年期間該公路上發(fā)生的團(tuán)霧和大霧過(guò)程進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，探討了團(tuán)霧發(fā)生的氣象和地形、地貌條件，并對(duì)臨湖環(huán)境的公路東部路段和臨江環(huán)境的中西部路段的團(tuán)霧特征作了比較。研究表明：（1）滬寧高速公路上團(tuán)霧和大霧的季節(jié)變化有著相似的季節(jié)分布，都是秋、冬、春季發(fā)生頻率高，夏季發(fā)生頻率低。（2）團(tuán)霧和大霧因路段和站點(diǎn)不同而差異較大，大霧的分布是東少西多，團(tuán)霧的分布趨勢(shì)則是東部的臨湖路段中有4個(gè)站點(diǎn)發(fā)生頻率高，其余站點(diǎn)低，西部的臨江路段則發(fā)生頻率普遍高。（3）一般，團(tuán)霧發(fā)生的氣象條件是溫度在-4~30℃，相對(duì)濕度在85%~95%，風(fēng)速在3 m·s^-1以內(nèi)；團(tuán)霧的主要發(fā)生時(shí)段在00—06時(shí)之間，通常在生成后的4 h內(nèi)消散。（4）東部路段中的臨湖環(huán)境，提供了團(tuán)霧形成的有利條件，中西部的臨江路段，則由于丘陵地形作用和水汽及氣溶膠輸送通道而成為團(tuán)霧高發(fā)的區(qū)域。（5）在夏季大氣對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)頻繁，城市近地層污染物易于擴(kuò)散，霧和霾都不易形成；而冬季近地層大氣對(duì)流不活躍，常不利于污染物擴(kuò)散，這使得城市霧和霾的容易形成且不易消散。

Abstract:

In order to ascertain the occurrence pattern and local characteristics of the dumpling fog weather processes on the expressways in China, this paper used the observed data from the automatic weather monitoring system (AWMS) on the Shanghai—Nanjing Expressway to conduct a statistics analysis of the regional dense fog events and the dumpling fog events during 2006 to 2009.The characteristic difference between the dumpling fogs occurred in the eastern lakeside section and in the central-western riverside section on the expressway was compared in detail. The occurrence pattern and engendering meteorological conditions of the dumpling fog events were discussed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The seasonal variations of dumpling fog and regional fog were similar, which were the higher occurrence frequencies in autumn, winter and spring but the lower occurrence frequencies in summer. (2) The occurrence frequencies and spatial distribution of the dumpling fog and regional fog along the expressway were quite different due to the different sections and stations in AWMS. There were more regional fog events occurred in the eastern section than in the western section. There are 4 stations with higher occurrence frequencies of dumpling fog in the eastern section while the other stations suffer lower frequencies. The occurrence frequencies of the dumpling fog were generally higher in the western riverside section than in the other sections. (3)Usually, the following meteorological conditions were favorable to the dumpling fog engendering: air temperature from -4 to 30℃, the relative humidity from 85% to 95%, wind speed was 3 m ·s^-1 or less. The occurring time of the dumpling fog ranged from 00:00 am to 6:00 am and they disappeared in 4 h after the engendering. (4) The lakeside environment of the eastern section on the expressway provided a favorable situation for the engendering of dumpling fog and the central-western riverside section of the expressway was the highest frequency area of the dumpling fog due to its hilly topography, water vapor and aerosol transport channels. (5)In summer, atmospheric pollutants in cities were easily dissipated due to frequent atmospheric convection, which impeded the formation of fog and haze; but in winter, atmospheric pollutants in cities were difficult to dissipate due to inactive atmosphere, which promoted the formation of fog and haze.

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丁秋冀,包云軒,袁成松,嚴(yán)明良.滬寧高速公路團(tuán)霧發(fā)生規(guī)律及局地性分析.氣象科學(xué),2013,33(6):634-642 DING Qiuji, BAO Yunxuan, YUAN Chengsong, YAN Mingliang. Occurrence pattern and local characteristics of dumpling fog events on Shanghai=Nanjing expressway. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2013,33(6):634-642

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收稿日期:2012-04-23
最后修改日期:2012-07-09
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-12-27
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