近50a中國降水格點數(shù)據(jù)集的建立及質量評估

doi:10.3969/2013jms.0008

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近50a中國降水格點數(shù)據(jù)集的建立及質量評估
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                        10.3969/2013jms.0008
                    
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基金項目:國家氣象信息中心青年基金

Establishment and assessment of the grid precipitation datasets in China for recent 50 years

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基于2012年6月更新的高質量2 400個臺站降水資料，采用薄盤樣條法，制定了采用3個自變量（經(jīng)度、緯度、海拔高度）、降水量開平方預處理、3次樣條的插值方案，并引入數(shù)字高程資料，以減弱中國獨特地形條件下高程對降水空間插值精度的影響，并對1961-2010年中國區(qū)域地面降水站點資料進行了空間內插，得到了中國地面降水0.5°×0.5°格點數(shù)據(jù)集。經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)集的質量評估結果表明：分析值與站點觀測值均方根誤差平均為0.49 mm，相關系數(shù)平均達0.93（通過0.01的顯著性檢驗），夏季插值誤差高于冬季，東南地區(qū)誤差普遍高于其他地區(qū)。冬、春、夏、秋季絕大多數(shù)臺站絕對誤差在±10 mm/月以內。冬、春、夏、秋季分別有60%、82%、54%、77%的臺站相對誤差在±10%之間。插值后的格點化降水資料能夠比較細致、準確地描述中國大陸年平均降水場的東南多、西北少的主要空間特征，但也平滑掉了范圍很小的降水極值中心。臺站分布越密集的地方，插值效果越好，并且最近距離小于40 km的臺站插值精度較高，大于40 km插值精度衰減較快。

Abstract:

Based on the high-quality precipitation data from 2 400 stations over China through the ANUSPLIN software developed by Australian National University with thin plate smooth spline method, an interpolation scheme adopting three variables(longitude, latitude, altitude), precipitation square pretreatment and three times spline was setup, then the digital altimetric data was introduced in order to weaken the effects of elevation on interpolation precision of precipitation square under the condition of Chinese special landscape, finally the datasets of daily and monthly 0.5°×0.5° grid-based precipitation over China from 1961 to 2010 are established by interpolating the precipitation data. Cross-validation tests show that this gauge-based analysis has high quantitative quality with annual interpolation error typically less than 0.49 mm and the relation coefficient amounting to 0.93; monthly error has periodic and regional variation, which shows the biggest value is in summer while the smallest one is in winter, one and the east and west have bigger error value than that of other areas. The mean bias error of the most gauges is between -10mm/month and 10mm/month.The relative bias error of 60%, 82%, 54% and 77% gauges are between -10% and 10%.This kind of datasets is helpful to explore the spatial and temporal distributions of the precipitation, but it still ignores narrow-range rainfall extreme centers. It can be used widely, including weather/climate monitoring, climate analysis, numerical model verifications, ecological assessment, and hydrological studies.

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趙煜飛,朱江,許艷.近50a中國降水格點數(shù)據(jù)集的建立及質量評估.氣象科學,2014,34(4):414-420 ZHAO Yufei, ZHU Jiang, XU Yan. Establishment and assessment of the grid precipitation datasets in China for recent 50 years. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2014,34(4):414-420

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收稿日期:2012-11-20
最后修改日期:2013-02-19
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-08-29
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