一次強雷暴中的多災種天氣特征對比分析

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0047

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一次強雷暴中的多災種天氣特征對比分析
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0047
                    
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基金項目:江蘇省氣象科研基金重點項目（KZ201207）

Comparative analysis on characteristics of multi-disaster weather in a strong thunderstorm

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用Micaps和NCEP再分析資料對2012年7月3日發(fā)生在淮河以南地區(qū)的大范圍強雷暴天氣進行了分析，得出：高、低空急流配置，形成低空輻合，高空輻散，槽線由高到低前傾，有利增強大氣不穩(wěn)定層結(jié)，中尺度切變線南北擺動具有觸發(fā)對流作用等，為該區(qū)強雷暴多災種天氣的發(fā)生，提供了動力和熱力條件。從云圖、雷達參數(shù)和地閃特征對比分析得出：冰雹、雷擊、強降水，分別發(fā)生在強對流云團發(fā)展的不同時間和不同部位。其云團的形態(tài)、強度和范圍等也不同。冰雹所表現(xiàn)出的回波強度、回波頂高和垂直積分液態(tài)水含量為最強，雷擊次之，強降水最弱。在地閃出現(xiàn)的各個階段都有可能出現(xiàn)雷擊事故，但多為負地閃，強度均較強。強降水過程多為負地閃，強度較弱，降水集中時段，地閃頻次高。冰雹發(fā)生時地閃頻數(shù)明顯下降，且多為正閃。雷擊過程強度和陡度變化最平緩，冰雹過程突變最明顯。雷擊發(fā)生在整個地閃過程中強度和陡度都相對較大的時刻；冰雹發(fā)生前約半小時有強度和陡度的驟增；強降水階段地閃平均強度和陡度都最小。

Abstract:

By using Micaps and NCEP reanalysis data, the wide-range strong thunderstorm occurred in southern Huaihe on July 3, 2012 was analyzed. Results show that the strong thunderstorms and multi-disaster weatherwere based on the following dynamic and thermodynamic conditions: the low convergence and upper divergence formed by the jet configuration at high and low level, the strengthening of the atmospheric instability stratification caused by the forerake of slot line from up to down, and convection triggerred by swinging of mesoscale shear line from south to north. The comparative analysis on satellite images, radar parameters and ground flashes characteristics indicates that lightning stoke, heavy rain and hail all occurred in different parts and periods during the development of strong convective clouds, whose features, intensity and range of evolution were also different. The echo intensity, echo top and vertical integrated liquid water content in hail area were the strongest, then lightning, finally heavy rain. Lightning accidents would happen in each period of ground flashes, which were mostly negative with strong intensity. Most ground flashes occurred in the period of heavy rain were weak and negative, and in the concentrated precipitation period, the flashes occurred frequently. Generally, the flash frequency decreased while the hails happened, and most of them were positive. The lightning intensity and steepness changed gently in lightning stroke area, while in hail area, their variation became obvious. Lightning stroke occurred when the flashes intensity and steepness were all relatively significant; the high intensity and steepness broke out half an hour before hail happened. Both the average intensity and steepness twnded to be the minimum during the heavy rain period.

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王洪生,鐘穎穎,吳海英,高曉靜,劉燕.一次強雷暴中的多災種天氣特征對比分析.氣象科學,2014,34(4):465-471 WANG Hongsheng, ZHONG Yingying, WU Haiying, GAO Xiaojing, LIU Yan. Comparative analysis on characteristics of multi-disaster weather in a strong thunderstorm. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2014,34(4):465-471

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收稿日期:2013-10-22
最后修改日期:2014-01-13
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-08-29
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