一次梅雨期臺風遠距離暴雨的分析研究

doi:10.3969/2013jms.0056

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一次梅雨期臺風遠距離暴雨的分析研究
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                        10.3969/2013jms.0056
                    
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基金項目:國家重點基礎研究發(fā)展計劃(973計劃)項目(2012CB417201);公益性行業(yè)(氣象)科研專項(GYHY200706033)

Analysis on a rainstorm related to remote typhoon during Meiyu period

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用NCEP 1°×1°再分析資料、MICAPS系統(tǒng)地面站資料、TRMM衛(wèi)星降水資料以及自動站雨量資料分析了2011年梅雨后期發(fā)生在江蘇省南京市的一次暴雨過程.結果表明:此次暴雨發(fā)生在中高層高空深槽前部、低空切變線附近、低層低渦和地面低壓的東北部,是西風帶低值系統(tǒng)及其引導的低層低渦與西進北上的"馬鞍"臺風共同作用產生的.925 hPa上中國東南沿海位于低層低渦東北部的東南偏東氣流影響下,將來自于西太平洋的水汽源源不斷向暴雨區(qū)輸送,為暴雨的發(fā)生提供了良好的水汽條件.不僅如此,此東南偏東氣流還使得華南和東南沿海地區(qū)暖平流明顯.低層暖平流輸送伴隨的小幅增溫和水汽輸送導致的濕度層增厚,導致南京附近大氣層結不穩(wěn)定是暴雨發(fā)生的熱力環(huán)境.隨著"馬鞍"臺風的西進北上,其北側副高中的干空氣逐漸被卷至中國東南沿海附近,與大陸上的暖濕氣流形成明顯對比,形成了一條明顯的能量鋒.與此同時,在長江中游地區(qū),殘余的梅雨鋒也表現為一條能量鋒,兩條能量鋒在南京附近相接,造成明顯的上升運動,從而觸發(fā)了暴雨的發(fā)生.

Abstract:

With NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, ground station data of MICAPS system, precipitation data from TRMM satellite and rainfall data from automatic weather stations, a rainstorm process during the late Meiyu period of 2011 in Nanjing city is analyzed. The results indicate that this heavy rainfall occurred not only in the front of a deep trough in the mid-upper troposphere, but near the low-level shear line, as well as in the northeast of the low vortex in low layer and surface depression, which was caused by the combined effect of the mid-latitude low system of westerly zone with its accompanied low vortex in low layer and "Maon" typhoon moving north westly. In the southeastern coastal areas of China, the southeast-to-easterly flow in the northeast of the low vortex at 925 hPa transported water vapor coming from the West Pacific to the heavy rainfall area continuously, which provided favorable moisture condition for the occurrence of the rainstorm. Furthermore, the southeast-to-easter flow made warm advection obvious in South China and the southeastern coastal areas. The instability over Nanjing was the thermal environment for the rainstorm occurrence, which was led by slight warming induced by the warm advection in the low troposphere and the thickening of humidity layer caused by the water vapor transportation. Along with the northwest movement of "Maon" typhoon, the dry air on the north side of the subtropical high was gradually advected to the southeast coastal areas of China. As a result, an obvious energy front developed between the dry air and the warm moist flow on the mainland. Meanwhile, the remnant Meiyu front in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river area also changed to an energy front. Two energy fronts intersected near Nanjing, then gave rise to the apparent ascending motion, all of which triggered the heavy rainfall in Nanjing area.

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王宏偉,方娟.一次梅雨期臺風遠距離暴雨的分析研究.氣象科學,2014,34(6):601-611 WANG Hongwei, FANG Juan. Analysis on a rainstorm related to remote typhoon during Meiyu period. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2014,34(6):601-611

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收稿日期:2013-03-18
最后修改日期:2013-06-05
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-01-14
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