前期春季北太平洋海溫異常與冬季北半球極渦的關(guān)系

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0067

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前期春季北太平洋海溫異常與冬季北半球極渦的關(guān)系
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0067
                    
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基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重大科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃(2013CB956004);國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2013CB430202);國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2009BAC51B02)

Relation between antecedent spring SST in North Pacific and winter polar vortex in northern hemisphere

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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析資料和NOAA海溫資料,用EOF、相關(guān)分析等方法,分析了1960—2010年500 hPa和100 hPa等壓面上北半球后冬(2月)極渦面積和前春(4月)北太平洋(20~60 °N,120 °E~120 °W)海表溫度(SST)的變化特征,揭示了二者的時(shí)空聯(lián)系。結(jié)果表明:近50 a來(lái),(1)冬季北半球500 hPa和100 hPa極渦面積整體經(jīng)歷了先擴(kuò)張后收縮的變化。春季北太平洋SST經(jīng)歷了先降低后升高的變化。其突變時(shí)間與500 hPa極渦面積的突變時(shí)間相近,均出現(xiàn)在1987年,且與后冬500 hPa大西洋歐洲大陸區(qū)(Ⅳ區(qū))極渦面積相關(guān)更好。(2)春季北太平洋SST的EOF第一模態(tài)空間型表現(xiàn)為PDO,第二模態(tài)表現(xiàn)為三極子型,突變分別出現(xiàn)在1980s初期和中期。(3)北太平洋SST與500 hPa Ⅳ區(qū)極渦面積相關(guān)的空間分布表現(xiàn)為:當(dāng)前期春季北太平洋中部海溫異常偏高(低),南部和北部海溫異常偏低(高),使得下一個(gè)冬季500 hPa Ⅳ區(qū)極渦面積的擴(kuò)大(縮小),這種空間遙相關(guān)型對(duì)應(yīng)著海溫的第二模態(tài)。北太平洋海溫異常以第一模態(tài)空間型居多,但是對(duì)后冬北半球極渦面積影響大的卻是第二模態(tài)。(4)當(dāng)前春北太平洋SST呈第二模態(tài)時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)次年冬季中高緯度對(duì)流層溫度"上冷下暖",極地東風(fēng)和繞極西風(fēng)環(huán)流加強(qiáng),極渦面積偏大。

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By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and Sea Surface Temperature data from Hadley center, the variation characteristics of the Polar Vortex Area(PVA) at 500 hPa and 100 hPa over northern hemisphere in late winter (February) during 1960-2010 and SST in North Pacific in antecedent spring (April) during 1959-2009 are investigated with methods of EOF and relevant analysis. Moreover, their temporal and spatial connections are also revealed. Results show that in recent 50 years the follwing four conclusions are available. (1)the size of PVA in northern hemisphere in winter at 500 hPa and 100 hPa has had an expansion-shrinkage trend and has mutated in 1987. The North Pacific SST has had a decreasing-increasing trend and has mutated in 1987 too, which was significantly related to the PVA in the Atlantic and Europe part (IV part). (2)The first and second EOF modes (EOF1 and EOF2) of North Pacific SST in spring spatially manifested as the structure of the PDO and tripole with the mutation in the antecedent and middle 1980s. (3)The spatial manifestation of the correlation between PVA and North Pacific SST corresponded to the EOF2. The high (low) SST in central North Pacific in antecedent spring and low (high) one in North and South might result in larger (smaller) PVA area at 500 hPa in the next February. The impact exerted by EOF2 mode of SST on PVA at 500 hPa was far more significant than that by EOF1 mode, although the EOF1 mode occurred more frequently. (4) When the North Pacific SST manifested as EOF2 mode, the corresponding temperature of troposphere in the next winter presented as "cold in the upper but warm in the low", the easterlies and westerlies around the north pole strengthened and the size of PVA increased.

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張婧雯,李棟梁,柳艷菊.前期春季北太平洋海溫異常與冬季北半球極渦的關(guān)系.氣象科學(xué),2015,35(1):52-59 ZHANG Jingwen, LI Dongliang, LIU Yanju. Relation between antecedent spring SST in North Pacific and winter polar vortex in northern hemisphere. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2015,35(1):52-59

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收稿日期:2013-05-28
最后修改日期:2014-08-04
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-03-13
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