上海地區(qū)幾類強降水雨滴譜特征分析

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0046

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上海地區(qū)幾類強降水雨滴譜特征分析
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0046
                    
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基金項目:上海市科學技術委員會項目(13231201401);中國氣象局創(chuàng)新團隊項目

Analysis on raindrop spectrum in four types of precipitation in Shanghai

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摘要:

用Parsivel激光降水粒子譜儀資料對2013年上海地區(qū)4—10月份期間4種類型 (層狀云、對流暖云主導型、對流冷云主導型和強臺風影響下的混合暖云型) 降水過程的雨滴譜特征進行了分析。通過平均雨滴譜及其擬合特征、雨滴數密度與含水量分布、雨滴尺度與速度二維譜分布等對比分析發(fā)現:各類降水中, 雨滴譜的峰值結構與雨強大小有關, 其中直徑介于0.187~1.312 mm的小雨滴均出現峰值且總數最多。各尺度雨滴數密度及其比例決定了其降水量貢獻比, 在冷云強降水中的雨強貢獻最大的雨滴尺度要顯著大于其他3種類型。雨滴譜寬按大小排列依次為對流冷云主導型、混合暖云型、對流暖云主導型和層狀云。最后綜合運用雨滴譜、雷達、雨量站、閃電等觀測資料對9月13日對流冷云主導型降水過程進行分析后發(fā)現:在雷暴的演變過程中, 雨滴譜特征與雷達反射率因子、垂直液態(tài)水含量、自動站雨強、閃電頻次等要素均有較好的相關性。冷云產生的冰晶和冰雹融化后的大雨滴進入中低層的廣譜小雨滴群, 并通過破碎分裂增加了大雨滴的形成概率, 尤其是捕捉碰并過程更加快了大雨滴的增長速度, 使雨強在短時間內迅速加強。雨滴譜中各檔粒子數的演變, 揭示了降水強度的變化, 用雨滴譜資料可有效彌補現有雷達定量估測降水的偏差, 且在冷云中改善明顯。

Abstract:

By using data from Parsivel laser precipitation particle spectrometer, the raindrop spectrum characteristics of four types of rainfall: stratiform, warm convective clouds, cold convective clouds and warm mixed clouds triggered by a tropical cyclone in Shanghai from April to October 2013 are analyzed. Comparison among average raindrop spectrum and its fitting characteristics, distribution of raindrop density and water content, the distributions of raindrop size and two-dimensional spectrum velocity shows: (1) the peak structures of raindrop spectrum are related with the rainfall intensity in these cases, especially the little raindrops in the range of 0.187-1.312 mm diameters; (2)the density and its percentage of different sizes of raindrop determined its precipitation contribution proportion, and the size of raindrop with the highest rainfall contribution proportion in cold cloud precipitation is much larger than that in other three types; (3) the descending order of width of raindrop size spectra was cold convection cloud, warm mixed cloud, warm convection cloud and stratiform cloud. The comprehensive analysis on rainfall characterized by cold convective cloud on September 13 with rainfall spectrum data, radar data, rain gauge data and flash data found that in the evolution of this strong thunderstorm precipitation, a consistency existed between raindrop size distribution and other characteristics like radar reflectivity, vertically integrated liquid (VIL) above different levels, rain-gauge rain rate, and cloud-ground lightning flash rate. The ice crystals and hails produced in cold clouds melt into large drops, and then fell among small droplets and carried out coalescence and breaking made the rain rate grow rapidly. The maximum of different sizes of drops reflected the evolution of rainfall process. The comparisons between rain drop and radar products also suggested that a potential application of raindrop spectrum observations is able to compensate for the radar quantitative precipitation estimation, especially for cold cloud precipitation cases.

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謝媛,陳鐘榮,戴建華,胡平.上海地區(qū)幾類強降水雨滴譜特征分析.氣象科學,2015,35(3):353-361 XIE Yuan, CHEN Zhongrong, DAI Jianhua, HU Ping. Analysis on raindrop spectrum in four types of precipitation in Shanghai. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2015,35(3):353-361

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收稿日期:2014-03-03
最后修改日期:2014-05-06
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-07-03
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