2009—2010年云南特大干旱的氣候特征及成因

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0059

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2009—2010年云南特大干旱的氣候特征及成因
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0059
                    
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基金項目:國家自然科學基金重點資助項目(U1133603);干旱氣象科學研究基金(IAM201202);(國家自然科學基金(41440034,41365007)

Analysis on climatologic characteristics and causes of the severe drought during 2009-2010 in Yunnan province

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基于云南122個站降水、氣溫資料分析2009—2010年特大干旱氣候的特征。2009年7月至2010年6月云南氣溫持續(xù)偏高,降水持續(xù)偏少,干旱從2009年9月出現(xiàn),一直持續(xù)到2010年5月,許多縣(市)干旱持續(xù)時間接近200 d,單日的重、特旱縣(市)站數(shù)破1961年以來記錄。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析和OLR資料,應(yīng)用環(huán)流分析、水汽輸送等方法分析此次干旱形成和持續(xù)關(guān)鍵時段2009年9—10月、2010年3月和5月的環(huán)流異常。結(jié)果表明,2009年9—10月烏拉爾山、青藏高原東部為脊,冷空氣活動偏弱;赤道印度洋對流層低層為異常東風、高層為異常西風,導致緯向的季風環(huán)流圈偏弱;孟加拉灣、中南半島對流偏弱;西南季風通道進入云南的水汽輸送偏弱,云南上空水汽含量偏少并為異常下沉區(qū)。2010年3月歐亞中高緯位勢高度距平場為北負南正,以緯向環(huán)流為主,冷空氣偏北;西太平洋副高與北非副高連通并在低緯形成壩狀高壓帶;南支槽上游地區(qū)高度場偏高、為異常下沉區(qū);西風帶無明顯波動,導致南支槽不活躍,云南處于水汽輻散區(qū)。2010年5月歐亞中高緯距平分布為"-+-",低槽和冷空氣偏北,西太平洋副高西伸至安達曼海,阻擋了越赤道氣流進入孟加拉灣,致使孟加拉灣南部、中南半島西南季風爆發(fā)偏晚,云南為異常西北水汽輸送,為水汽輻散區(qū)。

Abstract:

The rainfall and temperature data from 122 meteorological stations in Yunnan province are used to analyze the climatologic characteristics of the severe drought in 2009-2010. It is noted that the higher temperature and less precipitation occurred from July 2009 to June 2010, drought emerged in September 2009 and lasted to May 2010 with 200 drought persisting days in many counties (cities), and the number of one-day extraordinary and severe drought county (city) broke the record after 1961. By using the NCEP/NCAR reanarysis data and OLR data, anomalous circulations at the drought-forming(Sep.-Oct.,2009) and drought-developing(March—May, 2010) stages are explored. The results indicate that in the forming stage, anomalous ridges existing over Ural Mountain and Tibetan Plateau was associated with weak cold air, moreover, anomalous easterlies and westerlies at low and upper levels of troposphere covered the tropical Indian Ocean, which weakened the zonal monsoon circulation, convection over the Bay of Bengal and the Indo-China Peninsula, as well as the southwestwarding water vapor transportation to Yunnan. Hence, the water vapor content around Yunnan province was very low and the anomalous subsidence air flow was evident. In March, the geopotential height anomalies were negative in the north while positive in the south over the mid-high latitude in Eurasia, which related to strong zonal wind and northwarding cold air activities. The West Pacific subtropical high combined with North Africa subtropical high, and then formed a broad belt-like high in the low latitude. The geopotantial height in the upstream of the southern-branch trough was higher than the normal and was associated with anomalous subsidence air flow. In addition, there were no prominent eddies in the westerlies and the southern-branch trough was inactive, which caused water vapor divergence over Yunnan province. In May, 2010, the anomalous geopotential height exhibits '-+-' pattern, low level trough and cold air shited northward, and the West Pacific subtropical high extended to Andaman Sea inhibiting the cross-equatorial flow from entering the Bay of Bengal, which lead to late summer monsoon onset in the southern Bay of Bengal and Indo-China Peninsula. Therefore, Yunnan province is dominated by anomalous Northwest water vapor transportation and water vapor divergence.

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鄭建萌,張萬誠,陳艷,馬濤.2009—2010年云南特大干旱的氣候特征及成因.氣象科學,2015,35(4):488-496 ZHENG Jianmeng, ZHANG Wancheng, CHEN Yan, MA Tao. Analysis on climatologic characteristics and causes of the severe drought during 2009-2010 in Yunnan province. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2015,35(4):488-496

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收稿日期:2013-10-23
最后修改日期:2014-05-27
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-09-11
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