土壤濕度年際異常對中國春、夏季氣候模擬的影響

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0099

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土壤濕度年際異常對中國春、夏季氣候模擬的影響
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0099
                    
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基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(41075082;41230422);江蘇省自然科學基金-杰出青年基金項目(BK20130047);教育部新世紀優(yōu)秀人才支持計劃;江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學科建設工程項目(PAPD)

Impacts of interannual soil moisture anomaly on climate simulation in spring and summer over China

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基于NCAR大氣模式CAM3.1模式,設計了有、無土壤濕度年際異常兩組試驗對中國區(qū)域近40a(1961-2000年)氣候進行了模擬。從氣候態(tài)和年際變率的角度,通過分析兩組試驗的差值場來探討土壤濕度年際異常對氣候模擬的影響,并初步探討了影響的可能機制。結(jié)果表明:模式模擬的溫度和降水對土壤濕度的年際異常非常敏感,土壤濕度的年際變化對中國春夏季氣候及其年際變率均有顯著影響。當不考慮土壤濕度年際異常時,模式模擬的春夏季平均溫度、最高溫度、最低溫度在我國大范圍內(nèi)降低,春夏季降水在東部大部分地區(qū)明顯減少,西部增加。而模式模擬的春夏季溫度、降水年際變率在中國大部分地區(qū)減弱。但當考慮土壤濕度的年際變化,則能在一定程度上提高模式對氣候年際變率的模擬能力。在進一步分析表明土壤濕度年際異常時,主要通過改變地表能量通量和環(huán)流場,對溫度、降水產(chǎn)生影響。當不考慮土壤濕度年際異常時,地表凈輻射通量減少,地表溫度降低,感熱通量減少。感熱通量差值場的空間變化和溫度差值場的空間變化一致,感熱通量對溫度有一定影響。而潛熱通量差值場的空間變化和降水的差值場的空間變化一致,可見降水受地表潛熱通量的影響。土壤濕度年際異常引起的環(huán)流場的變化也是導致氣候變化的原因之一,地表能量和環(huán)流場年際變率的改變對春夏季氣候年際變率存在一定影響。

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The NCAR Community Atmosphere Model(CAM3.1) was used to design two numerical experiments in order to explore the impacts of interannual soil moisture anomaly on climate simulation in spring and summer during 1961-2000 over China. Moreover, the related mechanisms were also discussed preliminarily. Results show that the temperature and precipitation simulated by the model are sensitive to the soil moisture anomaly, and the decadal variation of soil moisture has significant impacts on the climatology and interannual variability of the climate events in spring and summer over China. Without considering the interannual soil moisture anomaly, the average, maximum and minimum simulated temperature over the most areas of China reduced, the precipitation significantly decreased over eastern China in spring and summer while increased over western China, and the interannual variability of temperature and precipitation over China decreased obviously. With considering the interannual variation of soil moisture, the model capability of simulating the climate variability improved. The further analysis on the interannual soil moisture anomaly indicated that the soil moisture anomaly mainly affected temperature and precipitation through changing the surface energy and atmospheric circulation. Without considering soil moisture anomaly, the surface net radiation flux decreased, the surface temperature reduced, and the sensible heat flux declined. The spatial variation of sensible heat flux difference was the same as that of temperature, so the sensible heat flux had a certain impact on temperature. Moreover, the spatial variation of latent heat flux difference was in accordance with that of precipitation, so the latent heat flux affected the precipitation. The variation of circulation field caused by soil moisture anomary affected the climate, and the surface energy and interannual variability of circulation field influenced the interannual climate variation to some extent.

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孫莉娟,陳海山,潘敖大,周晶,李啟芬.土壤濕度年際異常對中國春、夏季氣候模擬的影響.氣象科學,2015,35(5):521-533 SUN Lijuan, CHEN Haishan, PAN Aoda, ZHOU Jing, LI Qifen. Impacts of interannual soil moisture anomaly on climate simulation in spring and summer over China. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2015,35(5):521-533

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收稿日期:2014-09-04
最后修改日期:2014-11-26
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-11-13
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