2013年1月持續(xù)性霾天氣中影響污染程度的氣象條件分析

doi:10.3969/2014jms.0095

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2013年1月持續(xù)性霾天氣中影響污染程度的氣象條件分析
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                        10.3969/2014jms.0095
                    
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基金項目:江蘇省環(huán)?？蒲姓n題資助項目(2014021);國家科技支撐計劃項目(2014BAC22B04);江蘇省預(yù)報員專項(JSYBY201309)

Analysis on environmental factors affecting air pollution in a durative haze weather in January 2013

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利用南京本站氣象觀測記錄、環(huán)保局監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)以及NCEP/NCAR再分析資料,分析2013年1月持續(xù)性污染天氣過程的大氣環(huán)流背景,并結(jié)合南京地區(qū)探空資料、風(fēng)廓線雷達資料以及激光雷達資料,分析這次持續(xù)性污染過程中空氣質(zhì)量屬良好、輕度污染、中度污染、重度污染典型個例的大氣垂直特征和邊界層內(nèi)氣象條件的差異。得到如下結(jié)論:2013年1月份北方冷空氣活動較弱,南京地區(qū)大氣層結(jié)穩(wěn)定,近地層風(fēng)速小,污染物氣象擴散條件差。加之近地層以弱偏東風(fēng)為主,水汽較多,有利于污染物顆粒直徑增大。大氣垂直結(jié)構(gòu)以及邊界層內(nèi)水平風(fēng)速均對大氣污染程度起到一定影響。AQI與逆溫層高度存在顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系;大氣污染時,1000 m以下出現(xiàn)逆溫結(jié)構(gòu),且逆溫層越低、越厚,污染程度越大;重度污染時,近地層出現(xiàn)貼地逆溫層,厚度為700m左右。逆溫層高度下降,PM₁₀顆粒物高濃度區(qū)高度也明顯下降,近地層污染物濃度對垂直方向上污染物濃度正響應(yīng)的高度降低。在空氣質(zhì)量良好時, 150~1500m存在風(fēng)速大值區(qū),且風(fēng)無空,湍流作用明顯,有利于污染物和周圍的潔凈空氣相混合而得到稀釋,加速污染物的垂直擴散進程。當(dāng)中度污染日和典型重度污染日時,150~1500 m之間并不存在大風(fēng)速區(qū)。此外, PM₁₀的300μg·m^-3高濃度垂直高度延伸至300 m附近時,近地層PM_2.5明顯上升至100μg·m^-3以上,高濃度區(qū)數(shù)值越大,近地層PM_2.5越大。

Abstract:

By using observation data of Nanjing meteorological stations, monitoring data obtained by Environment Protection Administration(EPA) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the general circulation of a durative pollution event in January 2013 was analyzed. Moreover, combined with the sounding data, the wind profile radar data and the lidar data, the differences of vertical circulation structure and the meteorological conditions in boundary layer among the typical events of good air, light, medium and heavy pollution were studied. Results show that in January 2013, the weak northern cold air, the relative stable atmosphere in Nanjing and the low surface wind are combined to cause the bad condition for the pollutants diffusion, moreover, the easterly wind and high humidity at surface layer are conducive to the increasing of the pollutant diameter. The pollution level is affected by the atmosphere vertical structure and horizontal surface wind to some extent. In pollution episode, it is found that the AQI is negatively correlative with the thickness of inversion. The heavier pollution is accompanied with lower and thicker inversion below 1000 meters. In heavy pollution, the inversion is found in boundary layer with 700 meters thickness. When the inversion thickness declines, the height of PM₁₀ thickness decreases obviously and the height of vertical pollution thickness responsible with surface pollution thickness decreases. In clean, strong wind appears in areas of 150 to 1500 meters high and the turbulence effect is obvious, which makes the pollutants fully exchange, and accelerates the pollutants diffusion process. In medium and heavy pollution day, another low wind appears above 1500 meters, which suppress the pollutants diffusing to high layer. Meanwhile, the vertical distribution of PM10 is obtained by laser radar.

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張蓬勃,金瓊,陸曉波,李聰,姜玥宏.2013年1月持續(xù)性霾天氣中影響污染程度的氣象條件分析.氣象科學(xué),2016,36(1):112-120 ZHANG Pengbo, JIN Qiong, LU Xiaobo, LI Cong, JIANG Yuehong. Analysis on environmental factors affecting air pollution in a durative haze weather in January 2013. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2016,36(1):112-120

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收稿日期:2014-06-27
最后修改日期:2014-11-14
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-11
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