一次江淮氣旋復雜降水相態(tài)特征及成因分析

doi:10.3969/2015jms.0084

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一次江淮氣旋復雜降水相態(tài)特征及成因分析
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                        10.3969/2015jms.0084
                    
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基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目（41175044）、中國氣象局關鍵技術集成項目（CMAGJ2015M34）、山東省氣象局重點課題（2013sdqxz02）和山東省氣象局課題（2015sdqx02）共同資助

Analysis on complex phases features and causes of a JiangHuai-cyclone precipitation

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本文應用常規(guī)探空資料、地面觀測資料、歐洲中心細網(wǎng)格（0.25°×0.25°）數(shù)值預報初始場資料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析資料分析了山東一次江淮氣旋降雪過程的復雜相態(tài)特征，并初步分析了成因。結論如下：（1）山東省2014年2月16-17日的雨雪天氣過程，降水相態(tài)多樣性和相態(tài)轉化復雜性是主要特點，表現(xiàn)為同一時刻雨、雪和雨夾雪三種相態(tài)共存，郯城站降水相態(tài)逆轉（由雨夾雪轉雨再轉雪），魯東南地區(qū)降雪同時魯西南地區(qū)降雨的“東雪西雨”現(xiàn)象。（2）在系統(tǒng)發(fā)展不強的江淮氣旋降雪過程中，魯中山區(qū)相對高海拔地區(qū)夜間強烈的輻射降溫和山脈迎風坡的動力抬升作用均會造成邊界層溫度的降低，后期對流層低層為東北風控制時，除魯中山區(qū)外，其迎風坡東麓或東北麓（濰坊地區(qū)）出現(xiàn)固態(tài)降水可能性也較大，一般情況下，地面2 m溫度為1～2℃，1000 hPa溫度為0℃左右，925 hPa溫度為-3℃左右，可出現(xiàn)固液共存降水現(xiàn)象。（3）相態(tài)逆轉現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生與江淮氣旋發(fā)展階段和氣溫日變化兩個因素緊密相關。0℃層在925 hPa上下的狀態(tài)是一種臨界狀態(tài)，可產(chǎn)生雨夾雪或雨，但0℃層高度下降不是由雨轉雪的充分條件，還需考察冷平流發(fā)展情況。（4）當江淮氣旋生成地偏東（位于長江口附近），且發(fā)展不強烈時，山東若受其影響產(chǎn)生降水，后期上游如有新系統(tǒng)發(fā)展，可能與氣旋共同影響山東，造成復雜相態(tài)的江淮氣旋降雪過程。

Abstract:

Based on the conventional sounding data, surface observation data, initial field data from ECMWF numerical model(0.25°×0.25°), 1°×1° NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the complex phases characteristics and primary causes of a JiangHuai-cyclone precipitation in Shandong were analyzed. Results show that:(1)the rain and snow weather process happened on 16-17, February, 2014 under the background of 500 hPa zonal circulation was influenced by an eastward Jianghuai cyclone. The main features of this process were the variaty of precipitation phases and the complexity of precipitation phases transition, which means that the three phases of rain, snow and sleet coexisted; the precipitation phase reversion at Tancheng station was from sleet-rain-snow; the phenomenon of rainy west but snowy east in Shandong was contrary to the common case. (2)In the weak synoptic Jianghuai cyclone snow process, the severe radiation cooling at night at relative high altitude mountainous areas over the middle Shandong and the dynamic lifting effects of upwind slope of mountains caused the decreasing temperature of boundary layer. Therefore, when the lower troposphere was controlled by Northeasterly wind, the possibility of solid precipitation at east or northeast slopes of the mountains was larger in the later rainfall stage except the mountainous areas of middle Shandong. The coexistence of solid and fluid phase happened with 1-2℃ of air temperature 2 m above surface and about 0℃ at 1000 hPa and about -3℃ at 925 hPa usually. (3)The phenomenon of phase reversion was closely related with the development stages of Jianghuai cyclone and diurnal temperature variation. It is a critical state when 0℃ temperature layer is over 925 hPa, which can cause rain or sleet, but the drop of 0℃ temperature layer was not sufficient condition for the phase transition from snow to rain. The analysis on cold advection was also necessary.(4)The new born weather system on upstream could result in complex precipitation phase together with the Jianghuai cyclone at the later stage of cyclone precipitation, when the Jianghuai cyclone was weaker and its birthplace was nearby estuary of Changjiang river. (5)In this precipitation process, the dividing line for rain and snow areas well corresponded with the 1283gpm between 1000 hPa and 850 hPa and with the 621gpm between 1000 hPa and 925 hPa.

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劉暢,楊成芳,宋嘉佳.一次江淮氣旋復雜降水相態(tài)特征及成因分析.氣象科學,2016,36(3):411-417 LIU Chang, YANG Chengfang, SONG Jiajia. Analysis on complex phases features and causes of a JiangHuai-cyclone precipitation. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2016,36(3):411-417

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收稿日期:2014-11-24
最后修改日期:2015-10-18
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-07-14
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