末次盛冰期冰蓋對全球季風活動的非對稱性影響

doi:10.3969/2015jms.0032

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末次盛冰期冰蓋對全球季風活動的非對稱性影響
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                        10.3969/2015jms.0032
                    
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基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目（41275093）

Asymmetric impact of last glacial maximum ice sheets on global monsoon activity

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摘要:

將新研發(fā)的南京信息工程大學地球系統(tǒng)模式（NUIST Earth System Model version 1，NESM1）首次應用于古氣候模擬中，在Paleoclmate Modelling Intercomparison Project PhaseIII（PMIP3）框架下設計了工業(yè)革命前（Pre-industrial，PI）、末次盛冰期（Last Glacial Maximum，LGM）和增加大陸冰蓋（Ice sheets，IS）試驗，驗證了模式對工業(yè)革命前氣候和LGM時期氣候的模擬能力，并通過增加大陸冰蓋試驗分析了其對全球季風活動的非對稱性影響。結果表明：與PI時期相比，LGM時期的溫度和降水均有顯著改變。其中，全球平均溫度比PI時期降低了4.7℃，全球平均降水減少了0.3 mm·d^-1，降水對溫度變化的敏感性約2.3%·℃^-1，這與其他耦合模式結果一致。末次盛冰期大陸冰蓋對其氣候變化有重要貢獻，冰蓋引起的地表反照率改變與地形抬升作用導致全球平均氣溫下降1.2℃，降水量減少0.06 mm·d^-1。進一步分析表明，末次盛冰期冰蓋對全球氣候的影響還具有顯著南北半球差異，所導致的溫度降低和降水減少主要集中在北半球，其中北半球的降溫更是高達南半球的5倍；引起北半球季風區(qū)年平均降水減少0.24 mm·d^-1，降水年較差減小0.34 mm·d^-1，而南半球變化很小。這是由于北半球大幅降溫導致的低層水汽含量減小，并與大陸冰蓋引起的歐洲大陸和北美大陸反氣旋環(huán)流共同作用而影響季風活動。在夏季，減少的低層水汽含量與減弱的季風環(huán)流使夏季降水顯著減少；而在冬季，加強的季風環(huán)流能部分抵消水汽含量減小的作用，故冬季降水稍微減弱。此外，在歐洲大陸和北美大陸附近對流層低層反氣旋環(huán)流作用下，導致亞歐和北美季風活動區(qū)域減小。

Abstract:

The first attempt was made to simulate the paleoclimate by using the newly developed NUIST Earth System model version 1(NESM1). Three experiments are designed in the framework of Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project Phase Ⅲ (PMIP3):PreIndustry (PI), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and Ice Sheets (IS) experiments to verify the model's capability. IS experiment is used to investigate the asymmetric impact of LGM ice sheets on global monsoon activity. Results indicate that the NESM1 model is good enough to explain the cool and dry climate during the LGM period with a global cooling of 4.7℃, a decreasing precipitation amount by 0.3 mm·d^-1 and the 2.3%·℃^-1 sensitivity of precipitation to surface air temperature(SAT) change, which is consistent with the previous studies. The LGM ice sheets play an important role in the formation of cool and dry LGM climate, which caused the global mean SAT to decrease by 1.2℃ and global mean precipitation by 0.06 mm·d^-1. Further investigation demonstrates that the climate impacts' asymmetry of ice sheets are on Northern Hemisphere(NH) and Southern Hemisphere(SH). The significant cooling is only shown in NH, which is 5 times as largeas in the SH. The mean monsoon precipitation and annual range are reduced by 0.24 mm·d^-1 and 0.34 mm·d^-1, respectively, over the NH monsoon region, while the changes in SH monsoon region are not obvious. There are two factors contributing to these changes, including the lower specific humidity caused by the decreasing air temperature and the changed large-scale circulation owing to the existence of ice sheets over the North Europe and North American. The dramatically decreasing summer monsoon rainfall is associated with the decreasing specific humidity and weakening summer monsoon circulation, while the marginal change of winter monsoon precipitation is due to the cancellation effect between decreasing water vapor content and enhancing winter monsoon circulation. The anti-cyclonic circulation around the ice sheets can also reduce the Asian and North America monsoon domain.

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曹劍,吳立廣.末次盛冰期冰蓋對全球季風活動的非對稱性影響.氣象科學,2016,36(4):425-435 CAO Jian, WU Liguang. Asymmetric impact of last glacial maximum ice sheets on global monsoon activity. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2016,36(4):425-435

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收稿日期:2015-03-15
最后修改日期:2015-04-18
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-07
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