水分子結(jié)構(gòu)模式及液態(tài)固態(tài)水若干特征成因探討

doi:10.3969/2016jms.0046

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2016年第36卷第5期 >567-580. DOI:10.3969/2016jms.0046

水分子結(jié)構(gòu)模式及液態(tài)固態(tài)水若干特征成因探討
DOI:
                        10.3969/2016jms.0046
                    
CSTR:
                        
                    
作者:
                        
                        
                    
作者單位:
作者簡介:
通訊作者:
中圖分類號:
基金項目:

Study on the structure model of water molecule and the reasons of formation of some characteristics of liquid & solid water

Author:

Affiliation:

Fund Project:

摘要

圖/表

訪問統(tǒng)計

參考文獻

相似文獻

引證文獻

資源附件

文章評論

摘要:

水是包括海洋大氣在內(nèi)的地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中極重要又有很多特殊性的物質(zhì)。其特性的成因尚遠非清晰。本文提出一種水分子（H₂O）結(jié)構(gòu)及其固態(tài)液態(tài)水體的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，探討和模擬計算了其若干特征的成因，結(jié)果能較好符合實測值。（1）從氫（H）氧（O）原子結(jié)構(gòu)和電子繞各原子核及相互繞行規(guī)律的等概率隨機軌道中實現(xiàn)符合庫倫力和開普勒運動規(guī)律的優(yōu)勢軌道耦合成平均狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定的準(zhǔn)剛性的水分子結(jié)構(gòu)。其核心是O原子與等距離分立其兩側(cè)的2個H原子構(gòu)成的等腰三角形，其間距平方之比（H-H）²/（H-O）²=2.5；電子云活動空間為1個由4個等邊三角形為面構(gòu)成具有6個等長稜的正四面錐體結(jié)構(gòu)水分子模式（可簡稱“水分子正錐體模式”）；該模式具有很大電偶極矩。（2）水分子的端點間在約0.27 nm距離內(nèi)可以按“+”“-”電荷吸引原則耦合。6個水分子將按正、負電荷對接耦合，連接成六邊環(huán)形“壁”的“籠式隧道空間”，可容納其他物質(zhì)，無電荷顯示，電導(dǎo)率極地。（3）在空氣中0℃以下凝結(jié)冰晶時三維不對稱，“薄片”的雪花形成概率更大，其形態(tài)也按自相似原則體現(xiàn)了水分子結(jié)構(gòu)的六角六邊六針形的特征。（4）液態(tài)水分子維持固態(tài)水冰的“冰/水籠”結(jié)構(gòu)模式，但由于2個氫原子上的電子同時到達1個“-”電荷端的概率為1/11，當(dāng)0℃以上部份水分子能擺脫框架水分子束縛后，可以再耦合一個從框架上“脫落”的“自由水分子”使其進入水籠，從而水容積縮小；固體冰和液態(tài)水的密度之比為11/12=0.916 667。自由水分子和水籠框架上的水分子可以隨時互換（在10^-5s時間尺度上），并適應(yīng)固體壁的形態(tài)，既是不可壓縮，又有柔軟、可變形特點；水在0~100℃時的空/占比達2.28，模式可解譯高溫高壓的水汽中檢測到2.16 g·cm^-3，水熱傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)很大，比熱容量很大，有“異?！钡腢形特點，且液態(tài)水的比熱容量略大于固態(tài)水冰的熱容量的1/2等特征。（5）討論了水對O₂、H₂S、NaCl、KCl等的溶解度隨溫度變化的若干特征的成因和計算模式。通過NaCl飽和溶液實驗，證實了本文模式。（6）與液態(tài)水體表面特征有關(guān)的特點及本文實際應(yīng)用將在隨后續(xù)文中討論。

Abstract:

Water has extremely important meaning for earth bio-ecosystem, including oceanic and atmospheric ecosystem. A lot of characteristics of water had been discribed, but it is still far from clearly understanding about the reasons of their formation. This paper presents a model for water (H₂O) molecule,the structure of ice, snow and liquid water as well, and the reasons of formation of their specific characteristics would be modeled and compared with observed data. (1) A stable quasi rigid molecule struture may be constructed by dominant trajectories of electrones round and between the H-O-H nucleus according to the laws of Columb's force and Kepler's movement rule. The core of the water molecule is a isosceles triangle with ratio of (H-H)²/(H-O)²=2.5, which would be surrounded by moving electrons and form a principle pyramid with four equilateral triangle planes and six equi-edges of 0.480 17 nm ("a regular six equi-edges pyramid" model in short). The water molecule has obvious dipole moment. (2) The H nucleus "+" endpoints are able to attract and couple other water molecules in distance less than about 0.27 nm. The cage frame with six molecules as the "wall" and an empty "cave", it may restore other matters, but it may not bring about any electric charges, so the electric conductivity is extremely low. (3) A "sheet model" of sublination like the snowflake is the more common phenomenon below 0℃, because it has the self-simility with the hexagon-sexangle-six needle forms. (4) The liqued water has the structure of cage frame with six molecules as the "wall" in the solid ice, but because 1/11 possibility is available for double electrons to reach one endpoint of the pyramid with "-" charge, so when the temperature is above 0℃, a part of water molecules on the frame may possess the energy for separating from the frame, and will move into the cage/cave and be attracted at the corner of the frame, and becomes a "free water molecule". The total volume of the liquid water would decrease until to 4℃ to the minimum. The ratio of density of solid water ice and liquid water is 11/12=0.916 667. The existing of free molecules, which may exchange their position with the frame molecules very frequently (with time scale of femtosecond) has principle meaning in construction of liquid water. The ratio of cavity/water molecule is 2.28 during 4-100℃,which is more than 2.16 g·cm^-3 detected in earth mantle under high pressure and temperature in water vapour state. The calculation model is coincident with the detected data by using the coupling distances between molecules. (5) The variation of saturated solution characteristics of O₂, H₂S, NaCl, KCl with temperature was modeled, indicating the rationality of presented model. (6) The characteristics related with the surface construction of liquid water and the applications of the presented results will be discussed in the subsequent paper.

參考文獻

相似文獻

引證文獻

引用本文

濮培民,濮江平,朱政賓.水分子結(jié)構(gòu)模式及液態(tài)固態(tài)水若干特征成因探討.氣象科學(xué),2016,36(5):567-580 PU Peimin, PU Jiangping, ZHU Zhengbin. Study on the structure model of water molecule and the reasons of formation of some characteristics of liquid & solid water. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2016,36(5):567-580

復(fù)制

文章指標(biāo)

點擊次數(shù):
下載次數(shù):
HTML閱讀次數(shù):
引用次數(shù):

歷史

收稿日期:2016-04-28
最后修改日期:2016-08-07
錄用日期:
在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-11-01
出版日期:

文章二維碼

您是第位訪問者
氣象科學(xué) ® 2026 版權(quán)所有
技術(shù)支持：北京勤云科技發(fā)展有限公司

抽查舔水白紧大视频,冲喜娘子超甜哒激情五月,亚洲黄色图片偷拍网站,亚洲三级黄片免费播放,91在线观看喷潮红桃,日韩精品在线观看一区二区,久久久久久久久久久久黄色片子,日产精品99久久久久久久久,欧洲亚洲另类图片小说

引用本文

分享

相關(guān)視頻

文章指標(biāo)

歷史

文章二維碼

抽查舔水白紧大视频,冲喜娘子超甜哒 激情五月,亚洲黄色图片偷拍网站,亚洲三级黄片免费播放,91在线观看喷潮红桃,日韩精品在线观看一区二区,久久久久久久久久久久黄色片子,日产精品99久久久久久久久,欧洲亚洲另类图片小说

引用本文

分享

相關(guān)視頻

文章指標(biāo)

歷史

文章二維碼

抽查舔水白紧大视频,冲喜娘子超甜哒激情五月,亚洲黄色图片偷拍网站,亚洲三级黄片免费播放,91在线观看喷潮红桃,日韩精品在线观看一区二区,久久久久久久久久久久黄色片子,日产精品99久久久久久久久,欧洲亚洲另类图片小说