形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制環(huán)流及梅雨鋒結(jié)構(gòu)

doi:10.3969/2017jms.0056

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形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制環(huán)流及梅雨鋒結(jié)構(gòu)
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                        10.3969/2017jms.0056
                    
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基金項(xiàng)目:公益性行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項(xiàng)（GYHY201406024）；中國氣象局預(yù)報(bào)員專項(xiàng)（CMAYBY2016-029）.

Circulation and Meiyu front in responsible for persistent heavy rainfall over Zhejiang during summer of 2015

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本文利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析逐日資料、地面觀測資料和自動(dòng)站降水資料，在分析了2015年浙江省梅汛期強(qiáng)降水特征、水汽輸送和局地環(huán)流的基礎(chǔ)上，從西南季風(fēng)進(jìn)退、副熱帶高壓、南亞高壓及西風(fēng)帶波動(dòng)等方面對2015年形成梅汛期暴雨的控制環(huán)流進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明：2015年整個(gè)浙江省梅汛期降水量較常年顯著偏多，浙江中部地區(qū)降水量比歷史同期偏多接近一倍。豐沛的水汽從孟加拉灣經(jīng)中南半島向東輸送，與西太平洋副熱帶高壓西側(cè)的西南氣流相合并，在梅雨鋒南側(cè)形成異常輻合，為強(qiáng)降水提供了水汽條件。這次持續(xù)強(qiáng)降水由三次強(qiáng)降水過程構(gòu)成并由西風(fēng)輻合型鋒生引起。第二次強(qiáng)降水過程中大氣強(qiáng)對流性不穩(wěn)定利于梅雨鋒上中尺度對流系統(tǒng)發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)降水呈現(xiàn)明顯的局地性。而第一次和第三次過程中梅雨帶附近大氣基本處于對流穩(wěn)定或中性，以斜壓性降水為主。在對流層低層，副高較常年偏東偏南，其西北側(cè)西南暖濕氣流與北側(cè)冷空氣交匯于浙江省，利于梅汛期強(qiáng)降水集中期的出現(xiàn)。在對流層上層的南亞高壓較常年位置偏東，其北側(cè)的西風(fēng)急流強(qiáng)度偏強(qiáng)，東亞急流核入口區(qū)右側(cè)的強(qiáng)輻散利于造成強(qiáng)烈的上升運(yùn)動(dòng)。在對流層中層，貝加爾湖阻高的東側(cè)有明顯的波動(dòng)能量向東向南傳播并在長江中下游積聚，利于浙江地區(qū)擾動(dòng)的維持，形成持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的梅雨鋒和中低空切變線，造成梅雨強(qiáng)降水過程的持續(xù)。2015年春夏季熱帶中東太平洋海溫正異常分布有利于梅汛期降水偏多的異常環(huán)流的形成。

Abstract:

By using the NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data, surface observation objective data and automatic precipitation data, based on the analysis of characteristics of heavy precipitation, water vapor transportation and local circulation over Zhejiang Province in 2015, the dominant circulation leading to heavy rainfall was analyzed, involving Southwest monsoon, subtropical high, South Asia high and wave activity of westerly belt. Results show that, in 2015, the precipitation in Meiyu period in Zhejiang Province was significantly higher than the rainfall mean climatology and over doubled in central Zhejiang. The water vapor transported mainly via Southwest airflow from the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal. The continuous heavy rainfall consisted of three heavy rainfall processes and was caused by west wind convergence type frontogenesis. The stronger atmospheric convective instability was beneficial for the development of meso-scale convective system on Meiyu front, making the uneven distribution of precipitation in the second rainstorm processes. In the first and third processes, the atmosphere is convective stable or neutral, and the precipitation was mainly due to baroclinic precipitation. In the lower troposphere, anomalous circulation was featured by more eastern and southern subtropical high, which facilitated the converging cold air and warm moist Southwest airflow on the northwestern side of subtropical high, resulting in continuous heavy precipitation over Zhejiang area. In the upper troposphere, strong convergence at the right side of entrance of the East Asia strong subtropical westerly jet at the northeastern side of the South Asia high enhanced strong vertical ascending motion. In the middle troposphere, Rossby wave energy in the east of the Baikal Lake blocking high propagated the south-eastward and accumulated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. These all were response for forming the steady Meiyu front as well as lower level shear line and being conducive of the maintenance of heavy rainfall. In the spring and summer of 2015, the anomalous SST forcing in the central and East equatorial Pacific is favorable of the occurrence of the severe precipitation events in Zhejiang.

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江麗俐,錢卓蕾,陳蔚,葉德超.形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制環(huán)流及梅雨鋒結(jié)構(gòu).氣象科學(xué),2018,38(1):66-75 JIANG Lili, QIAN Zhuolei, CHEN Wei, YE Dechao. Circulation and Meiyu front in responsible for persistent heavy rainfall over Zhejiang during summer of 2015. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2018,38(1):66-75

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收稿日期:2017-02-03
最后修改日期:2017-06-22
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-03-13
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