長三角地區(qū)城市O<sub>3</sub>和PM<sub>2.5</sub>污染特征及影響因素分析

doi:10.3969/2018jms.0043

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長三角地區(qū)城市O3和PM2.5污染特征及影響因素分析
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                        10.3969/2018jms.0043
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):X51
基金項(xiàng)目:國家重大科技研發(fā)項(xiàng)目（2016YFC0203303；2016YFC0208504）；國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（91544230；41575145）

Characteristics of O₃ and PM_2.5 and its impact factors in Yangtze River Delta

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摘要:

O₃和PM_2.5是影響長三角地區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量的主要污染物。利用2016年33個(gè)城市大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測站6項(xiàng)污染物的小時(shí)濃度及4個(gè)省會(huì)城市的氣象數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，研究了該地區(qū)O₃和PM_2.5濃度的時(shí)空分布特征及其影響因素。結(jié)果表明：長三角地區(qū)O₃年平均濃度為50~73 μg·m^-3，平均為61 μg·m^-3；除蕪湖和宣城外，其余31城市均存在不同程度的超標(biāo)狀況，超標(biāo)率為0.34%~18.86%，平均為5.68%。O₃在5月和9月達(dá)到濃度高值；四季O₃日變化均呈單峰型，峰值出現(xiàn)在15：00，夏季O₃峰值濃度最高值為157 μg·m^-3。O₃濃度沿海城市整體高于內(nèi)陸城市；夏季宿遷-淮安-滁州片區(qū)O₃污染較重。O₃與NO₂、CO顯著負(fù)相關(guān)，且與NO₂相關(guān)性較強(qiáng)；O₃與氣溫、日照時(shí)數(shù)顯著正相關(guān)，與相對(duì)濕度、降水呈負(fù)相關(guān)。PM_2.5年平均濃度在25~62 μg·m^-3范圍內(nèi)，平均為49 μg·m^-3；各城市均出現(xiàn)PM_2.5超標(biāo)，滁州PM_2.5超標(biāo)率最大，為23.91%。PM_2.5在3月和12、1月達(dá)到濃度峰值；其日變化呈雙峰型，09：00-10：00和22：00-23：00達(dá)到峰值。冬季徐州PM_2.5濃度最高，為102 μg·m^-3。PM_2.5與NO₂、CO、SO₂、PM₁₀顯著正相關(guān)，與氣溫、風(fēng)速、降水負(fù)相關(guān)。

Abstract:

O₃ and PM_2.5 are the main pollutants that affect the air quality in Yangtze River Delta. To investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of O₃ and PM_2.5 and its impact factors, the hourly concentrations of six pollutants and meteorological data collected at atmospheric environment monitoring stations in 33 cities and the meteorological data of four provincial cities in Yangtze River Delta in 2016 were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. The annual concentration of O₃ ranged from 50 μg·m^-3to 73 μg·m^-3 with an average of 61 μg·m^-3 in Yangtze River Delta. The O₃ concentrations in 31 cites exceeded the standard to different degrees except Wuhu and Xuancheng in the region. The O₃ exceedance rate ranged from 0.34% to 18.86% with an average of 5.68%. The monthly average concentration of O₃ reached high values in May and September. The diurnal variation of O₃ concentration shows a single peak distribution, with the peak value appearing around 15:00 in all the seasons. The highest peak value was 157 μg·m^-3 in summer. The O₃ concentrations in coastal cities were generally higher than those in inland cities. Suqian-Huai'an-Chuzhou region was more severely polluted in summer. O₃ was negatively correlated with NO₂ and CO, and the correlation was strong with NO₂. O₃ was positively associated with temperature and sunshine duration while it was negatively correlated with relative humidity and rainfall. The annual concentration of PM_2.5 ranged from 25 μg·m^-3 to 62 μg·m^-3 with an average of 49 μg·m^-3. The concentrations of PM_2.5 in all cites exceeded the standard, with the highest exceedance rate as 23.91% in Chuzhou. The monthly concentration of PM_2.5 peaked in March and December or January. The diurnal variation of PM_2.5 showed two peaks in all the seasons at around 09:00 to 10:00 and 22:00 to 23:00. In winter, the highest concentration of PM_2.5 was 102 μg·m^-3 in Xuzhou. PM_2.5 had a significantly positive correlation with NO₂, CO, SO₂ and PM₁₀, while it was negatively correlated with temperature, wind speed and rainfall.

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孫丹丹,楊書運(yùn),王體健,束蕾,曲雅微.長三角地區(qū)城市O₃和PM_2.5污染特征及影響因素分析.氣象科學(xué),2019,39(2):164-177 SUN Dandan, YANG Shuyun, WANG Tijian, SHU Lei, QU Yawei. Characteristics of O₃ and PM_2.5 and its impact factors in Yangtze River Delta. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2019,39(2):164-177

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收稿日期:2018-02-13
最后修改日期:2018-04-05
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-01
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