有霾和無霾時寧波市大氣混合層高度的日變化特征

doi:10.3969/2018jms.0057

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有霾和無霾時寧波市大氣混合層高度的日變化特征
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                        10.3969/2018jms.0057
                    
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中圖分類號:X51
基金項目:寧波市科技計劃項目（2013C51013）；浙江省公益性技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究計劃社發(fā)項目（2015C33226）；浙江省氣象科技計劃項目（2018YB16）

Diurnal variation and characteristics of the atmospheric mixed layer height in haze and non-haze days in Ningbo

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根據(jù)2007-2013年寧波市每日8次地面觀測氣象資料，運用羅氏法和統(tǒng)計分析法計算大氣混合層高度，分析其在霾日和非霾日的不同日變化特征。結(jié)果表明寧波市霾日與非霾日混合層高度均呈白天高，夜晚低的日變化特征，夏季兩者差值的日變化波動最明顯，波峰時間比其他季節(jié)晚3 h。混合層高度日變化趨勢與風(fēng)速、氣溫、能見度趨于一致，霾等級越重，混合層高度越低。霾日與非霾日的氣溫差值除冬季呈正變溫外，其他季節(jié)呈負(fù)變溫，冬季14時差值最小，夜間加大，春夏季凌晨差值最小，14時最大，秋季波動不明顯；風(fēng)速差值除冬季夜間為正值外，其余季節(jié)為負(fù)值，秋冬季差值最小、夏季最大。大氣處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)時，混合層高度隨著穩(wěn)定度增加而逐漸處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)時，隨著穩(wěn)定度增加而降低，中性大氣是寧波易致霾的大氣層結(jié)。霾日與非霾日大氣穩(wěn)定度表現(xiàn)不一致，中午霾日中性大氣占多數(shù)，非霾日則是不穩(wěn)定大氣；夜間霾日穩(wěn)定-弱穩(wěn)定大氣和中性大氣所占比例相當(dāng)，非霾日穩(wěn)定-弱穩(wěn)定大氣占多數(shù)。另外，PM_2.5濃度在霾日和非霾日均為白天低、夜間高的日變化特征，但霾日波動大，波峰時間晚于非霾日2 h，峰值濃度也高于非霾日2.7倍；早晨或下午到上半夜是霾日的PM_2.5濃度兩個上升時段，上午為下降時段；非霾日的兩個濃度緩升（降）時段分別出現(xiàn)凌晨和下午（上午和前半夜）。研究成果有助于預(yù)報員了解大氣混合層高度及其對霾的可能影響，從而提高霾預(yù)報預(yù)警能力。

Abstract:

Based on meteorological observations of eight times a day in Ningbo from 2007 to 2013, the diurnal variations and characteristics at the Mixed Layer Height (MLH) in haze and non-haze days are calculated and analyzed by Roche method and statistics. The results show that the diurnal variations of MLH in haze and non-haze days in Ningbo are higher at daytime and lower at night. Summer witnesses the maximum fluctuation of difference values of diurnal variations between haze and non-haze days, and the peak time of fluctuation is three hours later than that in other seasons. The diurnal variations at MLH are consistent with wind speed, temperature and visibility; the worse the haze, the lower the MLH. Temperature difference between haze and non-haze days is negative in all seasons except winter. The temperature difference drops to the minimum at 14:00 and increase at night in winter; the minimum difference occurs before dawn and increases to the maximum at 14:00 in spring and summer; and the fluctuation is not obviously in autumn. Wind speed difference is negative in all seasons except at night in winter; the minimum occurs in autumn and winter, while the maximum in summer. The MLH gradually descends with the increasing degree of atmospheric instability when the atmosphere is unstable, and MLH experiences the same trend when the atmosphere is stable. Neutral atmosphere is easy to cause haze in Ningbo. Atmospheric stability is different in haze and non-haze days. Neutral atmosphere prevails in haze days and unstable atmosphere is the majority in non-haze days at noon. The ratio of stabile-weakly stable atmosphere is quite equal to that of neutral atmosphere in haze days at night, and stabile-weakly stable atmosphere prevails in non-haze days at night. In addition, the diurnal variations of PM_2.5 concentration in haze and non-haze days are lower at daytime and higher at night. But the fluctuation of PM_2.5 concentration in haze days is obvious, and the peak time of fluctuation in haze days is 2 h later than that in non-haze days, with the PM_2.5 concentration at the peak times 2.7 times higher than that in non-haze days. PM_2.5 concentration rises in the early morning or from afternoon to midnight, and decreases in the morning in haze days, while it rises (decreases) slowly before dawn and at afternoon (in the morning and from nightfall to midnight) in non-haze days. The results will be helpful to know MLH and its possible effects on haze, thus improving the ability of haze forecasting and early warning.

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俞科愛,陳磊,陳有利,張晶晶,朱佳敏,孫海波.有霾和無霾時寧波市大氣混合層高度的日變化特征.氣象科學(xué),2019,39(2):187-193 YU Keai, CHEN Lei, CHEN Youli, ZHANG Jingjing, ZHU Jiamin, SUN Haibo. Diurnal variation and characteristics of the atmospheric mixed layer height in haze and non-haze days in Ningbo. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2019,39(2):187-193

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收稿日期:2017-08-03
最后修改日期:2018-06-13
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-01
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