浙江秋季連陰雨氣候統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及其異常環(huán)流背景

doi:10.3969/2018jms.0023

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浙江秋季連陰雨氣候統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及其異常環(huán)流背景
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                        10.3969/2018jms.0023
                    
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P434
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（41605035）；浙江省氣象局預(yù)報(bào)員專項(xiàng)（2016YBY24）

Statistical characteristics of persistent autumn rainfall in Zhejiang Province and the associated circulation anomalies

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利用1971-2016年浙江常規(guī)氣象站觀測(cè)資料和多種再分析資料，分析了浙江省秋季連陰雨的氣候特征及其異常環(huán)流背景。結(jié)果表明：（1）浙江每年每站平均出現(xiàn)1.8次秋季連陰雨天氣，過(guò)程平均可持續(xù)5.5 d，平均雨量77 mm；秋季3個(gè)月中9月出現(xiàn)連陰雨的頻次最高；大多年份會(huì)發(fā)生1~2次持續(xù)5~7 d的連陰雨，78%過(guò)程累計(jì)降水量在100 mm以下；發(fā)生時(shí)多為全省一致變化型，多發(fā)區(qū)集中在杭州-紹興一帶。（2）連陰雨過(guò)程次數(shù)、累計(jì)持續(xù)天數(shù)及累計(jì)降水量有一致變化性，均反映出浙江秋季連陰雨有明顯的年際變化特征，有4個(gè)強(qiáng)年和7個(gè)弱年。（3）浙江秋季連陰雨強(qiáng)（弱）年對(duì)應(yīng)南亞高壓和西太平洋副熱帶高壓"相向（背）而行"。強(qiáng)（弱）年時(shí)，西太平洋副熱帶高壓異常偏西（東），南亞高壓異常偏東（西），華東地區(qū)上空垂直上升運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)（盛行下沉氣流），低層異常偏南（北）風(fēng)提供了充足的水汽（阻礙了暖濕空氣北上），有（不）利于浙江連陰雨的發(fā)生。（4）連陰雨強(qiáng)弱年大氣環(huán)流異常與熱帶海表溫度強(qiáng)迫有關(guān)。強(qiáng)（弱）年時(shí)，赤道太平洋海溫呈拉尼娜狀態(tài)（距平不明顯），使東印度洋-南海-海洋性大陸上空對(duì)流活躍（偏弱），潛熱加熱（不足以）激發(fā)低層Matsuno-Gill型響應(yīng)，（不能）在亞洲大陸激發(fā)氣旋性環(huán)流異常，而赤道中東太平洋強(qiáng)（弱）下沉氣流則（不能）在西北太平洋激發(fā)反氣旋性環(huán)流異常，此低層氣旋-反氣旋異常環(huán)流配置（弱環(huán)流異常）使華東地區(qū)有低層偏南（北）風(fēng)異常，水汽增多（減少），有（不）利于浙江連陰雨的發(fā)生。

Abstract:

Based on the conventional observational data and reanalysis data of Zhejiang Meteorological Station from 1971 to 2016, the statistical characteristics of persistent rainfall in autumn in Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The average rainfall frequency in Zhejiang is 1.8 times per year, with each time lasting 5.5 days, and the average rainfall is 77 mm. In the three month of autumn, it is the most possible to see the continuous rainy weather in September. There is 1-2 times continuous rainy weather lasting 5-7 days in most years, and 78% of such weather has the cumulative precipitation below 100 mm. These characteristics are universal for the whole province, and the prone area is located in Hangzhou-Shaoxing region. (2) There are consistent characteristics in the frequency, accumulative lasting days and accumulative rainfall, which all characterize obvious interannual variation. There are 4 strong years and 7 weak years. (3) The strong (weak) year occurs when the South Asian high and the western Pacific subtropical high meet each other halfway (go back on each other). In strong (weak) years, the western Pacific subtropical high locates in the west (east) anomalously, and the South Asian high locates in the east (west) anomalously; the uplift (sinking) airflow prevails over the East China region, and the low-level anomalous south (north) wind brings (hinders) the warm and wet air, which are (not) conducive to the occurrence of persistent rainy weather. (4) The atmospheric circulation anomaly in strong and weak years is related to the tropical sea surface temperature forcing. In strong (weak) years, the equatorial Pacific sea temperature is in the La Niña state (with unapparent anomaly), which makes the convection over the eastern Indian Ocean-South China Sea-Oceanic Continent more active (weaker). The latent heating stimulates (is not strong enough to stimulate) the low-level Matsuno-Gill response, and the cyclone circulation anomaly on the Asian continent is (cannot be) excited, so that the anticyclone circulation anomaly on Northwest Pacific region is (cannot be) excited by the strong (weak) sinking airflow on equatorial central eastern Pacific. The low-level cyclone-anticyclone circulation anomaly (weak circulation anomaly) makes the East China region dominated by the anomalous south (north) wind, and the increased (decreased) water vapor is (not) conducive to the occurrence of persistent rain in Zhejiang Province.

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陳懿妮,樓茂園,李嘉鵬,婁小芬,劉漢華.浙江秋季連陰雨氣候統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及其異常環(huán)流背景.氣象科學(xué),2019,39(2):264-273 CHEN Yini, LOU Maoyuan, LI Jiapeng, LOU Xiaofen, LIU Hanhua. Statistical characteristics of persistent autumn rainfall in Zhejiang Province and the associated circulation anomalies. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2019,39(2):264-273

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收稿日期:2017-10-08
最后修改日期:2018-01-26
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-01
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