定量研究雅安地形坡向坡度對降水分布的影響

doi:10.3969/2018jms.0068

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定量研究雅安地形坡向坡度對降水分布的影響
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                        10.3969/2018jms.0068
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P456.9
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（91337215；41275052）

Quantitative study on the influence of terrain aspect and gradient on the precipitation distribution in Ya'an

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摘要:

利用四川省雅安市30 m分辨率基礎(chǔ)高程數(shù)據(jù)，提取柵格的坡向和坡度參數(shù)，將雅安307個(gè)區(qū)域自動(dòng)站在2017年汛期（6-9月）共50次的降水天氣個(gè)例，分為16次大尺度降水和34次中小尺度降水，使用對應(yīng)時(shí)次的歐洲中心細(xì)網(wǎng)格0.25°×0.25°再分析風(fēng)場資料，根據(jù)不同的站點(diǎn)地形高度將風(fēng)場合成平均風(fēng)場，和各站點(diǎn)地形的坡向和坡度計(jì)算出其動(dòng)力抬升作用，同時(shí)使用當(dāng)天日照和天文太陽輻射值來計(jì)算地形的熱力抬升作用，與對應(yīng)降水過程的降水分布進(jìn)行多元線性回歸，根據(jù)回歸的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系數(shù)的大小確定各自變量對降水分布的影響，得出以下結(jié)論：（1）中小尺度降水中，地形的熱力抬升作用對降水分布的影響作用最大，其次是海拔高度，地形的動(dòng)力抬升作用在三者中對降水分布的影響最??；（2）在大尺度降水中剛好相反，地形的動(dòng)力抬升對降水的分布影響作用最大，海拔次之，熱力抬升作用在三者中影響作用最??；（3）日降水量最大值的站點(diǎn)海拔高度基本位于1 000 m左右，與抬升凝結(jié)高度對應(yīng)較好；（4）從長期的統(tǒng)計(jì)來看，地形的動(dòng)力作用和地表的植被情況對降水分布的影響最大。在實(shí)際預(yù)報(bào)工作用，根據(jù)不同的降水類型，關(guān)注不同的動(dòng)力和熱力作用對于判斷降水分布大值區(qū)的位置有較好的參考作用。

Abstract:

By using the basic 30 m resolution elevation data in Ya'an, Sichuan Province, the aspect and gradient parameters of the grids were extracted. The main 50 times of precipitation collected from the 307 automatic weather stations in Ya'an during the flood season of 2017 (June-September) were divided into 16 times of large-scale precipitation and 34 times of middle-and small-scale precipitation. At the same time, by using ECMWF 0.25°×0.25° resolution reanalysis wind field data, the composite average wind field is synthesized according to the height of different sites, and the dynamic uplifting is calculated by the aspect and gradient values of each site. The daily sunshine hours and astronomical solar radiation data were also used to calculate the thermal uplift function of the terrain. The multiple linear regression was applied to the precipitation distribution. According to the standard coefficient values of regression, the influence of each variable on the precipitation distribution was determined. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) In the middle-and small-scale precipitation, the thermal uplift has the most important effect on the precipitation distribution, followed by the altitude, and then by the dynamic uplift of the terrain. (2) On the contrary, in the large-scale precipitation, the dynamic uplift of the terrain has the greatest influence on the precipitation distribution, followed by the altitude, and then by the thermal uplift. (3) The maximum daily precipitation values mostly appeared at the stations with 1000 m high, which corresponds well to the lifting condensation level. (4) From the long-term statistics, the dynamic uplift of the terrain and the vegetation conditions on the surface have the most significant influence on the precipitation distribution. According to different precipitation scales, attention should be paid to different dynamic and thermodynamic functions to predict the location of areas with frequent precipitation.

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周學(xué)云,高文良,吳亞平,錢正迪,邱雙.定量研究雅安地形坡向坡度對降水分布的影響.氣象科學(xué),2019,39(3):322-335 ZHOU Xueyun, GAO Wenliang, WU Yaping, QIAN Zhengdi, QIU Shuang. Quantitative study on the influence of terrain aspect and gradient on the precipitation distribution in Ya'an. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2019,39(3):322-335

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收稿日期:2017-12-13
最后修改日期:2018-03-20
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-01
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