江淮梅雨與東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程變異的關(guān)系

doi:10.3969/2018jms.0103

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江淮梅雨與東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程變異的關(guān)系
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                        10.3969/2018jms.0103
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P426.6
基金項(xiàng)目:公益性行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項(xiàng)（GYHY201506001-1）；國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃（973計(jì)劃）資助項(xiàng)目（2013CB430202）；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（91337109；41305080）；江蘇高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目（PAPD）

The relationship between the Meiyu in the Yangtze-Huaihe Region and the variation of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon process

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根據(jù)中國(guó)氣象局《梅雨監(jiān)測(cè)業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)定》中的入、出梅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，結(jié)合1960—2016年全國(guó)661個(gè)常規(guī)氣象站逐日氣象資料，以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析資料，分析了江淮梅雨和東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程變異的時(shí)空特征，提取季風(fēng)關(guān)鍵區(qū)（32°~34°N，112°~120°E，包含17個(gè)站點(diǎn)），并分析了江淮梅雨和季風(fēng)關(guān)鍵區(qū)的聯(lián)系與成因。結(jié)果表明：1960—2016年平均梅雨期為6月8日—7月15日，平均梅雨量為303 mm。比東亞平均梅雨季的開始時(shí)間早9 d，比其結(jié)束時(shí)間晚7 d。梅雨量在近57 a中也呈波動(dòng)式變化，但整體為上升趨勢(shì)。入梅越早，出梅越晚，則梅雨期越長(zhǎng)，梅雨量越多。副熱帶夏季風(fēng)推進(jìn)到關(guān)鍵區(qū)的平均時(shí)間為5月19日，其在1970s末和1990s末分別發(fā)生了由偏晚向偏早和由偏早向偏晚的突變。夏季風(fēng)到達(dá)關(guān)鍵區(qū)偏早時(shí)，出梅日偏晚，梅雨量偏多，季風(fēng)到達(dá)偏晚時(shí)，出梅日偏早，梅雨量偏少。副熱帶夏季風(fēng)推進(jìn)時(shí)間和江淮梅雨量呈全區(qū)一致的負(fù)相關(guān)，負(fù)相關(guān)區(qū)位于湖南、湖北及江西三省臨近的兩湖地區(qū)。東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)到達(dá)關(guān)鍵區(qū)時(shí)間偏早（晚）年，500 hPa高度場(chǎng)上烏拉爾山—鄂霍茨克海為正（負(fù)）距平，阻塞高壓增強(qiáng)（減弱）；日本海附近為負(fù)（正）距平，東亞大槽加深（西退北縮），加強(qiáng)（削弱）了槽后冷空氣向南輸送且不（有）利于中低緯度副熱帶高壓的北跳，西太平洋副熱帶高壓中心強(qiáng)度增強(qiáng)（減弱），位置偏西（東），其西北側(cè)的西南暖濕氣流輸送加強(qiáng)（減弱），江淮地區(qū)有水汽的輻合（輻散），有（不）利于梅雨量偏多。

Abstract:

Based on the Meiyu criterion provided by China Meteorological Administration,the daily meteorological data of Meiyu from 661 conventional stations in China during the period of 1960—2016, and the monthly mean reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR,the spatial and temporal characteristics of Meiyu and the variation of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon process were analyzed;the key monsoon areas (32°—34°N, 112°—120°E, including 17 stations)are extracted, and the relationship between key monsoon areas and Meiyu and their causes of formation are analyzed.The results show that the average Meiyu period during the period of 1960—2016 lasted from June 8 to July 15, and the average precipitation is 303 mm.The average onset time of the Meiyu period is nine days earlier than that in the East Asia, and the end time of the Meiyu period is seven days later than that in the East Asia.The precipitation in the Meiyu period has fluctuated in the past 57 years, but shows a rising trend on the whole. An earlier start of Meiyu season is always followed by a later end, and a longer Meiyu period means more precipitation.The average time for the subtropical summer monsoon to advance to the key area is May 19. The subtropical summer monsoon suddenly changed from early arrival to late arrival, and from late arrival to early arrival in the late 1970s and late 1990s, respectively.When the summer monsoon arrives at the key area early, the Meiyu period will end late, accompanied with a large amount of precipitation.When the summer monsoon arrives at the key area late, the Meiyu period will end early, accompanied with less precipitation.The subtropical summer monsoon and the Meiyu precipitation are consistently negatively correlated with the whole region, and the negative correlation center is at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.The East Asian subtropical summer monsoon arrives at the key area early (late), the Ural Mountains-Okhotsk Sea is positive (negative) anomalies at the level of 500 hPa, and the blocking high pressure is enhanced (weakened).The pressure anomaly near the Sea of Japan is negative (positive), the East Asian deep trough is strengthened(weakened), which strengthens (weakens) the cold air that is transported southward after the trough and is (not) beneficial to the northward jump of the mid-low latitude subtropical high.The West Pacific subtropical high-pressure center is strengthened (weakened), and moves westward (eastward). The southwestern warm and humid airflow at the northwestern side is strengthened (weakened), and water vapor converges(diverges) at the Yangtze-Huaihe Region, which is (not) conducive to the increase of precipitation.

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唐玉,李棟梁.江淮梅雨與東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程變異的關(guān)系.氣象科學(xué),2020,40(2):169-179 TANG Yu, LI Dongliang. The relationship between the Meiyu in the Yangtze-Huaihe Region and the variation of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon process. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(2):169-179

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收稿日期:2018-10-09
最后修改日期:2018-11-21
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-26
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