2013—2017年夏季東北冷渦下東北地區(qū)MCS的統(tǒng)計特征

doi:10.3969/2019jms.0032

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2013—2017年夏季東北冷渦下東北地區(qū)MCS的統(tǒng)計特征
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                        10.3969/2019jms.0032
                    
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中圖分類號:P445
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金項目（41530427；41790471；41475039）；中國氣象科學(xué)研究院災(zāi)害天氣國家重點實驗室研發(fā)計劃項目（2015LASW-A07）；國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目（2016YFC0203301）；國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃項目（2015CB453201）

Statistical characteristics of MCS in Northeast China under northeast cold vortex in summer from 2013 to 2017

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摘要:

利用2013—2017年6—8月FY-2E和FY-2G地球靜止衛(wèi)星相當(dāng)黑體溫度（Black Body Temperature，TBB）資料、NCEP/NCAR再分析資料，對我國夏季東北冷渦下東北地區(qū)MCS的分布和活動特征進行了統(tǒng)計分析，結(jié)果表明：（1） MCS的活動具有明顯的月際變化和日變化特征，6月對流活動最活躍。MCS的主要移向是東、東北和東南，平均移動距離3.99個經(jīng)緯距。（2） MCS成熟時刻的面積、偏心率和生命史均小于江淮地區(qū)以及中國中東部，云頂高度低于江淮地區(qū)，整個生命史表現(xiàn)出發(fā)展快消亡慢的特征，與江淮地區(qū)相反。（3）基于MCS的定義得到的Z標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對2016—2017年的MCS作了統(tǒng)計分析并與J標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)計得到的MCS進行對比，得出，兩種定義下的MCS環(huán)境場特征基本一致，主要表現(xiàn)為MCS多生成于500 hPa槽前和槽后，對流層高層MCS位于雙急流之間靠近北支急流的輻散區(qū)，南側(cè)急流高度在200 hPa，北側(cè)的急流高度在250 hPa。低層，位于低空急流左側(cè)，低渦南側(cè)、東南側(cè)，有較強的水汽和動量輸送。槽前生成的MCS南側(cè)中層存在垂直反環(huán)流向MCS輸送干暖空氣與位渦，槽后生成的MCS兩側(cè)均有大值位渦向其輸送，同時北側(cè)冷干空氣的輸送使鋒區(qū)及上升運動加強，更有利于MCS的形成。（4）兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的MCS造成的降水明顯不同，在統(tǒng)計強降水方面Z標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要優(yōu)于J標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于Z標(biāo)準(zhǔn)空間與時間尺度較小，統(tǒng)計得到的MCS較多；但同時會遺漏部分相對弱的MCS。

Abstract:

Based on the black body temperature data of FY-2E and FY-2G geostationary satellites, the NCEP/NCAR analysis data in summer (from June to August) from 2013 to 2017, and the Jirak's definition on Mesoscale Convective System (MCS), the statistical characteristics of the distribution and activity characteristics of MCS in Northeast China under northeast cold vortex were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: (1) the distribution of MCS shows obvious monthly variation and diurnal variation, and it is the most active in June. Eastward, northeastward and southeastward are the three main moving directions for MCSs, with an average moving distance of 3.99 longitude and latitudes. (2) The area of MCS maturing time, the eccentricity and life history of MCS in Northeast China are smaller than those in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin and the central and East China, and the height of cloud top is lower than that of the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin. The characteristic of rapid development and slow extinction is opposite to the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin. (3) The statistical analysis of MCS from 2016 to 2017, selected by reference to Z. standard according to ZHENG's definition of MCS is made and compared with the results obtained by J standard based on the Jirak's definition. It is concluded that the environmental field characteristics of MCS under the two definitions are basically the same. Specifically, most MCSs are generated in front or rear of 500 hPa trough. The upper troposphere MCS is located in the divergence area between the two jet streams, also near the north branch jet. The height of the southern jet stream is 200 hPa, and the northern jet stream height is 250 hPa. At the lower layer, MCS is located on the left side of the low level jet stream and the south and southeast side of the vortex, with strong water vapor and momentum being transported. MCS generated in front of trough is accompanied with dry warm air and potential vorticity being transported from the vertical reverse loop flow at the middle layer in south of the MCS. MCS generated in rear of trough has large potential vorticity in both sides being transported to it. At the same time, the cold and dry air on the north side of the MCS strengthen the frontal area and the upward movement, which is more favorable to the formation of MCS. (4) There are obvious differences in precipitation between MCSs under the two standards. Specifically, Z standard is better than J standard in terms of statistical work of heavy precipitation. More MCSs are obtained due to the smaller space and time scale of Z standard, but some relatively weak MCSs may be omitted.

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竇慧敏,丁治英,郭春燕,沈新勇,李小凡.2013—2017年夏季東北冷渦下東北地區(qū)MCS的統(tǒng)計特征.氣象科學(xué),2020,40(3):341-353 DOU Huimin, DING Zhiying, GUO Chunyan, SHEN Xinyong, LI Xiaofan. Statistical characteristics of MCS in Northeast China under northeast cold vortex in summer from 2013 to 2017. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(3):341-353

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收稿日期:2018-07-23
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-07-08
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