高層?xùn)|風(fēng)波引起的一次超級單體雹暴天氣數(shù)值研究

doi:10.3969/2019jms.0013

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2020年第40卷第3期 >374-384. DOI:10.3969/2019jms.0013

高層?xùn)|風(fēng)波引起的一次超級單體雹暴天氣數(shù)值研究
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                        10.3969/2019jms.0013
                    
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中圖分類號:P458.3
基金項(xiàng)目:舟山市市級公益類科技項(xiàng)目（2017C31096）

Numerical study on a supercell hailstorm caused by high-level easterly wave

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利用WRF中尺度模式對2018年7月26日發(fā)生在浙中北的一次超級單體雹暴過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值研究，結(jié)合自動站資料，天氣雷達(dá)資料、NCEP再分析資料等分析冰雹天氣發(fā)生的環(huán)流背景，冰雹云的雷達(dá)回波和流場結(jié)構(gòu)特征，并探究冰雹形成的物理機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明：此次強(qiáng)對流天氣是在高層?xùn)|風(fēng)波環(huán)流背景下，由地面輻合線觸發(fā)的超級單體雹暴過程。雹暴發(fā)生在強(qiáng)的對流有效位能、上干下濕的層結(jié)和弱垂直風(fēng)切變的環(huán)境場中。模擬試驗(yàn)成功地模擬出了雹暴云團(tuán)的發(fā)展演變過程。0℃層位于5 km的高度，-20℃層位于8.5 km的高度，且超過40 dBZ的強(qiáng)回波向上擴(kuò)展至-20℃層以上，有利于冰雹的生長。雹云發(fā)展旺盛時(shí)呈現(xiàn)典型的低層輻合、高層輻散特征。雹云右側(cè)出現(xiàn)懸垂回波和有界弱回波區(qū)。雹云中存在大量的過冷云水，冰雹粒子的核心生長區(qū)位于0℃層和-20℃層之間，主要由霰粒子轉(zhuǎn)化而成，并通過不斷碰并過冷云水和過冷雨水增長。

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Based on automatic station data, weather radar data and NCEP reanalysis data, a supercell hailstorm occurred on July 26, 2018 in north central of Zhejiang Province was simulated by using the WRF mesoscale model. The circulation background of hailstorm, the radar echo and the structure of flow field of hail cloud were analyzed, and the physical mechanism of hail formation was explored. The results show that the severe convective weather is a supercell hailstorm process triggered by surface convergence line under high-level easterly circulation. Hailstorms occur in the environment with strong convective available potential energy, upper dry and lower wet stratification and weak vertical wind shear. The simulation experiment successfully simulated the evolution process of hailstorm clouds. The layer of 0 ℃ is 5 km high while the layer of -20 ℃ is 8.5 km high, and the strong echo over 40 dBZ extends upward to the layer of -20 ℃, which is conducive to the growth of hail. In developing period of hail clouds, they show typical characteristics of low-level convergence and high-level divergence. There are hanging echoes and boundary weak echo region on the right side of the hail cloud. There are plenty of supercooled cloud water in hail clouds. The core growth area of hail particles lies between layers of 0 ℃ and -20 ℃. Hail particles are mainly transformed by graupel particles and grow constantly by colliding with supercooled cloud water and supercooled rain water.

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吳福浪,於敏佳,周昊,虞本穎,錢峰.高層?xùn)|風(fēng)波引起的一次超級單體雹暴天氣數(shù)值研究.氣象科學(xué),2020,40(3):374-384 WU Fulang, YU Minjia, ZHOU Hao, YU Benying, QIAN Feng. Numerical study on a supercell hailstorm caused by high-level easterly wave. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(3):374-384

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收稿日期:2018-09-07
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-07-08
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