2016年冬季南京地區(qū)大氣污染特征的觀測(cè)分析

doi:10.3969/2019jms.0033

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2016年冬季南京地區(qū)大氣污染特征的觀測(cè)分析
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                        10.3969/2019jms.0033
                    
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):X16
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（91544230；41575145）；國(guó)家重大科技研發(fā)項(xiàng)目（2017YFC0209803；2016YFC0203303）

Observational analysis on air pollution characteristics in Nanjing during winter of 2016

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基于2016年11月24日—12月23日南京市草場(chǎng)門(mén)站、鼓樓站和仙林站的強(qiáng)化試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)資料，分析了城市和郊區(qū)主要大氣污染物的時(shí)空變化特征及其與氣象要素的相互關(guān)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：觀測(cè)期間南京PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、O₃、CO、SO₂月均質(zhì)量濃度分別為52.84~84.34 μg·m^-3、88.36~120.34 μg·m^-3、49.98~51.66 μg·m^-3、24.85~50.57 μg·m^-3、0.99~1.2 mg·m^-3和22.1~26.48 μg·m^-3；近地面，城市大氣污染物質(zhì)量濃度高于郊區(qū)，其中城市O₃比郊區(qū)高61.0%；在城市地區(qū)，除NO₂和CO外，鼓樓站大氣污染物質(zhì)量濃度高于草場(chǎng)門(mén)站，其中鼓樓站PM_2.5比草場(chǎng)門(mén)站高42.7%；PM_2.5小時(shí)質(zhì)量濃度最大為210.93 μg·m^-3，重污染過(guò)程出現(xiàn)時(shí)風(fēng)速較低、溫度較高，郊區(qū)PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂質(zhì)量濃度呈現(xiàn)高值時(shí)的最頻風(fēng)向?yàn)槟巷L(fēng)，O₃和SO₂質(zhì)量濃度呈現(xiàn)高值時(shí)的最頻風(fēng)向分別為西風(fēng)和西南風(fēng)，所以郊區(qū)大氣污染受城市輸送影響。利用HYSPLIT模式研究發(fā)現(xiàn)12月4—8日和16—20日的污染氣團(tuán)分別來(lái)自西部和北方地區(qū)，聚類(lèi)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)12月影響南京市的污染氣團(tuán)45%來(lái)自西部地區(qū)且移動(dòng)速度較快，55%來(lái)自北方地區(qū)且移動(dòng)速度較慢。由此可見(jiàn)，南京市冬季出現(xiàn)的大氣污染，其形成不僅與本地排放和局地氣象條件有關(guān)，而且西部和北方地區(qū)的遠(yuǎn)距離輸送也會(huì)造成影響。

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of air pollution in winter in Nanjing, one-month intensive observations were conducted from November 24 to December 23, 2016. Based on the observation data of Caochangmen station, Gulou station and Xianlin station in Nanjing, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of major air pollutants in urban and suburban areas and their correlations with meteorological elements were analyzed. The study found that the monthly average mass concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, O₃, CO and SO₂ in Nanjing during the observation period were 52.84—84.34 μg·m^-3, 88.36—120.34 μg·m^-3, 49.98—51.66 μg·m^-3, 24.85—50.57 μg·m^-3, 0.99—1.2 mg·m^-3 and 22.1—26.48 μg·m^-3, respectively. In the near ground, the mass concentrations of urban air pollutants were higher than those of the suburbs, of which urban O₃ was 61.0% higher than that of the suburbs. In urban areas, except for NO₂ and CO, the mass concentrations of atmospheric pollutants of Gulou station were higher than those of Caochangmen station. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 of Gulou station was 42.7% higher than that of Caochangmen station. The maximum hourly mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 210.93 μg·m^-3, and when the heavy haze occurred, usually the wind speed was lower and the temperature was higher; when the mass concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and NO₂ in the suburbs were higher, the most frequent wind direction was south; when the mass concentrations of O₃ and SO₂ were higher, the most frequent wind direction was west and southwest, respectively. By using HYSPLIT model, it was found that the polluted air masses on December 4—8 and 16—20 came from the western region and the northern region respectively, and using cluster analysis it was found that 45% of the polluted air masses affecting Nanjing in December came from the western region and moved faster, meanwhile, 55% came from the northern region and moved slower. It could be seen that the formation of air pollution occurred in winter in Nanjing was not only related to local emissions, but also related to local meteorological conditions. The influence of long-distance transportation in western and northern regions couldn't be ignored.

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崔金夢(mèng),王體健,高麗波,曹云擎,王勤耕.2016年冬季南京地區(qū)大氣污染特征的觀測(cè)分析.氣象科學(xué),2020,40(4):427-437 CUI Jinmeng, WANG Tijian, GAO Libo, CAO Yunqing, WANG Qingeng. Observational analysis on air pollution characteristics in Nanjing during winter of 2016. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(4):427-437

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收稿日期:2019-01-16
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-09-04
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