江淮梅雨對(duì)東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程及海溫異常的響應(yīng)

doi:10.3969/2020jms.0072

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江淮梅雨對(duì)東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程及海溫異常的響應(yīng)
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                        10.3969/2020jms.0072
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P426.6
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃（973計(jì)劃）項(xiàng)目（2013CB430202）；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（91337109；41305080）

Response of Meiyu in Jianghuai region on the process of East Asian subtropical summer monsoon and sea surface temperature anomaly

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利用1960—2020年江淮地區(qū)75個(gè)氣象站逐日降水量、氣溫、相對(duì)濕度資料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析資料和Hadley中心海表溫度資料，研究了東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程變異對(duì)江淮梅雨的影響，揭示了不同類型梅雨期太平洋海溫及大氣環(huán)流異常特征。結(jié)果表明：8種江淮梅雨類型中，多雨型占45.9%，少雨型占54.1%，其中多雨型在前30 a占36.7%，后31 a占63.3%。江淮典型梅雨年（高溫高濕多雨）的主要特征為安徽南部、江蘇中部及湖北東部地區(qū)降水偏多，安徽南部、江西東北部及浙江西北部氣溫偏高，淮河流域濕度大；而在非典型梅雨年（低溫低濕少雨）大部分地區(qū)雨量偏少，氣溫呈"東高西低"分布，低溫中心區(qū)位于淮河中游，濕度呈"西大東小"分布。歐亞大陸中高緯度阻塞高壓增強(qiáng)，脊前向南輸送的西北氣流加強(qiáng)且路徑偏東，中國(guó)東北冷渦強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)且位置偏西南，東亞大槽加深，槽后冷空氣向南輸送，有利于典型梅雨形成。當(dāng)前期冬春季赤道東太平洋海溫異常偏高，西太平洋海溫異常偏低時(shí)，西太平洋副熱帶高壓強(qiáng)度偏強(qiáng)、面積偏大、脊線位置偏南、西伸脊點(diǎn)偏西，東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)推進(jìn)到江淮地區(qū)的時(shí)間偏早，出梅偏晚，梅雨期降水量偏多。

Abstract:

According to the Meiyu monitoring indices, by using the daily precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity data of 75 meteorological stations in Jianghuai region from 1960 to 2020, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and Hadley central SST (Sea Surface Temperature) data, the influence of East Asian subtropical summer monsoon variation on Meiyu was studied, and the anomalous characteristics of Pacific SST and atmospheric circulation during different types (typical and atypical) of Meiyu periods were revealed. The results show that among the eight types of Jianghuai Meiyu, the rainy type accounts for 45.9%, and the less rainy type accounts for 54.1%. The rainy type accounted for 36.7% in the first 30 years and 63.3% in the last 31 years. The typical Meiyu (high temperature, high humidity and rainy years) in Jianghuai is mainly more precipitation in southern Anhui, central Jiangsu and eastern Hubei, high temperature in southern Anhui, northeastern Jiangxi and northwestern Zhejiang, and high humidity in the Huaihe River Basin. However, in the atypical Meiyu (low temperature, low humidity and little rain), there is less rainfall in most areas, mainly in Jiangsu Province; the temperature is high in the east and low in the west, the central area of low temperature is located in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, and the humidity is big in the west and small in the east. The blocking high pressure in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia is strengthened, the northwest air flow conveying southward in front of the ridge is strengthened and the path is eastward, the cold vortex in Northeast China is strong and its position is inclined to the southwest, the East Asian trough is deepened, and the cold air behind the trough is transported to the south. It is beneficial to the formation of typical Meiyu. When the SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific is abnormally high in winter and spring, and the SST in the western Pacific is abnormally low, the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high is stronger, the area is larger, the position of the ridge line is southward, and the westward extension of the ridge point is west. The time of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon advancing to the Jianghuai region is earlier, the plum is late, and the precipitation is more in the Meiyu period.

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陳兵,蔣元春,李棟梁,唐玉.江淮梅雨對(duì)東亞副熱帶夏季風(fēng)進(jìn)程及海溫異常的響應(yīng).氣象科學(xué),2020,40(5):669-678 CHEN Bing, JIANG Yuanchun, LI Dongliang, TANG Yu. Response of Meiyu in Jianghuai region on the process of East Asian subtropical summer monsoon and sea surface temperature anomaly. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(5):669-678

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收稿日期:2020-08-03
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