一次寒潮降溫過程的等熵位渦和熱力學分析

doi:10.3969/2019jms.0028

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一次寒潮降溫過程的等熵位渦和熱力學分析
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                        10.3969/2019jms.0028
                    
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中圖分類號:213022
基金項目:國家自然科學基金重大資助項目（41790471）；中國科學院戰(zhàn)略性先導科技專項（XDA20100304）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（41975054；41930967；41775040）；國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目（2019YFC1510400）

Isentropic vortex and thermodynamic analysis of a cold wave cooling process

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摘要:

通過等熵位渦和熱力學能量方程的各項診斷對2018年1月上旬我國東部一次寒潮天氣過程進行分析，重點給出垂直運動在寒潮降溫中的作用。結(jié)果表明：此次寒潮天氣過程主要受蒙古國南部的橫槽轉(zhuǎn)豎影響，巴爾喀什湖東部和西伯利亞地區(qū)及其北部為引起這次寒潮的主要冷空氣源地。歐亞大陸北部和極區(qū)對流層高層和平流層低層的高位渦強冷空氣沿著等熵面向南向下平流，引導強冷空氣侵襲我國東部。等熵位渦大值區(qū)的東側(cè)對應上升運動區(qū)，有利于降水的產(chǎn)生。寒潮期間風場平流引起的850 hPa強降溫區(qū)主要位于東南沿海地區(qū)，降溫幅度最高可達6×10^-4 K·s^-1，而東北地區(qū)在整個寒潮期間冷平流強度較弱，最大降溫幅度僅約為1×10^-4 K·s^-1。通過計算東南沿海和東北地區(qū)區(qū)域平均風場平流和垂直運動引起850 hPa溫度變化，得出寒潮期間兩地的溫度總降幅約為1×10^-4 K·s^-1。東南沿海地區(qū)的寒潮主要由風場的冷平流引起，而東北地區(qū)則是由冷平流和垂直上升運動的共同作用引起。垂直方向上，東北地區(qū)冷空氣能影響的高度要遠高于東南沿海地區(qū)。

Abstract:

A weather process of cold wave in eastern China in early January 2018 was analyzed, focusing on the role of vertical motion in cold wave cooling through the diagnosis of isentropic vortex and thermodynamic energy equation. The results show that due to influence of the horizontal trough transforming into vertical trough in south of Mongolia, cold-air outbreaks in eastern China. The eastern part of Lake Balkhash and the Siberian region and its northern region are the main sources of cold air that causes this cold wave. Strong cold air associated with high vortex in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the northern and polar regions of Eurasia moves south and down along the isentropic direction, leading to strong cold air invading eastern China. The east side of the isentropic vortex large value area corresponds to the rising motion zone, which is conducive to the generation of precipitation. The strong cooling zone is mainly located in the southeast coastal area at 850 hPa by the advection of wind field, and the cooling rate is up to 6×10^-4 K·s^-1 during the cold wave. The cold advection intensity is weak in the northeastern region, and the maximum cooling rate is only about 1×10^-4 K·s^-1 during the whole cold wave. By calculating the average 850 hPa temperature change caused by the wind field advection and vertical motion in the southeastern coastal and northeastern regions, it is concluded that the total temperature cooling rate of both places is about 1×10^-4 K·s^-1. The cooling in the southeastern coastal areas is mainly caused by the cold advection of the wind field, while the northeastern region is caused by the combined of the cold advection and the vertical ascending motion. The cold air in northeastern region can be affected much higher than that in the southeast coastal area in the vertical direction.

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黃文彥,董偉,沈新勇,郭春燕,李小凡,梁萍.一次寒潮降溫過程的等熵位渦和熱力學分析.氣象科學,2020,40(6):769-781 HUANG Wenyan, DONG Wei, SHEN Xinyong, GUO Chunyan, LI Xiaofan, LIANG Ping. Isentropic vortex and thermodynamic analysis of a cold wave cooling process. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2020,40(6):769-781

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收稿日期:2019-03-22
最后修改日期:2019-05-18
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-12
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