冬季北太平洋多尺度水汽輸送和大氣河的變化特征及其與PDO和ENSO的聯(lián)系

doi:10.12306/2019jms.0039

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冬季北太平洋多尺度水汽輸送和大氣河的變化特征及其與PDO和ENSO的聯(lián)系
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                        10.12306/2019jms.0039
                    
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中圖分類號:P461.2
基金項目:國家重點研發(fā)計劃資助項目（2018YFC1505905）；國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（41330420）

Multi-scale water vapor transportation and variation characteristics of atmospheric river over the North Pacific in winter and its relationship with PDO and ENSO

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利用1950—2015年NCEP/NCAR大氣再分析資料和NOAA海表面溫度資料，通過回歸分析和合成分析的方法研究了冬季北太平洋不同尺度水汽輸送和大氣河（Atmospheric River，AR）的變化特征及其與PDO、ENSO的聯(lián)系。結(jié)果表明，在PDO正位相時期，時間平均的水汽輸送將大量水汽從太平洋北部和中部地區(qū)輸送到東北太平洋的阿拉斯加灣及北美西岸地區(qū)，同時將北太平洋副熱帶地區(qū)的水汽輸送到熱帶地區(qū)；低頻尺度的水汽輸送主要是將水汽從北太平洋向低緯地區(qū)輸送；天氣尺度的水汽輸送使得大量水汽在北太平洋中部風(fēng)暴軸區(qū)域匯集；北太平洋AR中部和阿拉斯加及北美西岸地區(qū)的AR頻率顯著增強，熱帶太平洋AR中西部明顯增強，而東部減弱并向西南方向移動延伸。在ENSO正位相時期，時間平均的水汽輸送使得東北太平洋和熱帶太平洋地區(qū)降水異常增多；低頻尺度的水汽輸送導(dǎo)致北美西岸易發(fā)生極端降水事件；天氣尺度的水汽輸送與北太平洋風(fēng)暴軸活動密切相關(guān)；北太平洋AR中西部有所減弱，但在其東部的北美西岸地區(qū)AR頻率明顯增強，熱帶太平洋AR中部地區(qū)顯著增強，而在其東南部則明顯減弱。PDO和ENSO處于不同位相下時對AR的影響表現(xiàn)出一定的非對稱性，其中PDO對北太平洋AR的影響起主導(dǎo)作用，而ENSO對熱帶太平洋AR的影響起主導(dǎo)作用。

Abstract:

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the monthly mean sea surface temperature data provided by NOAA from 1950 to 2015, the characteristics of multi-scale water vapor transportation and the Atmospheric Rivers (AR) in winter of North Pacific as well as their relationship with PDO were analyzed by regression analysis and composite analysis. Rresults show that when the PDO is in positive phase, the time-mean water vapor transportation component transports a large amount of water vapor from the northern and central Pacific to the Alaska Bay and west coast of North America region in the Northeast Pacific, and trosports the water vapor from the North Pacific subtropical region to the tropics. The low-frequency water vapor transportation component transports the water vapor southward from the North Pacific to the low latitudes region. The synoptic-scale water vapor transportation component makes a large amount of water vapor converge in the central North Pacific. Accordingly, the AR frequency in central North Pacific, Alaska and west coast of North America increases significantly, while the AR frequency strengthens in the northwestern part of the tropical Pacific and weakens in the eastern part. During the positive phase of ENSO, the time-mean water vapor transportation lead to the heavy precipitation in the Northeast Pacific and the tropical Pacific. The low-frequency water vapor transportation is conducive to the occurrence of extreme precipitation events in the west coast of North America. The distribution of the synoptic-scale water vapor transportation is closely related to the activities of storm track in the North Pacific. The North Pacific AR is weakened in the western-central part while strengthened in the eastern part, while the tropical Pacific AR is strengthened in the central part while weakened in the southeastern part. The impacts of PDO and ENSO during different phases on the AR show some asymmetry characteristics. PDO plays a leading role on the influence of AR in the North Pacific while ENSO on the AR in the tropical Pacific.

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秦潤天,朱益民,錢景,陳曉穎.冬季北太平洋多尺度水汽輸送和大氣河的變化特征及其與PDO和ENSO的聯(lián)系.氣象科學(xué),2021,41(1):1-12 QIN Runtian, ZHU Yimin, QIAN Jing, CHEN Xiaoying. Multi-scale water vapor transportation and variation characteristics of atmospheric river over the North Pacific in winter and its relationship with PDO and ENSO. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(1):1-12

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收稿日期:2019-05-15
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-20
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