兩次臺(tái)風(fēng)衍生龍卷的環(huán)境背景和雷達(dá)特征對(duì)比分析

doi:10.12306/2020jms.0013

首頁(yè) > 過(guò)刊瀏覽>2021年第41卷第1期 >99-107. DOI:10.12306/2020jms.0013

兩次臺(tái)風(fēng)衍生龍卷的環(huán)境背景和雷達(dá)特征對(duì)比分析
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                        10.12306/2020jms.0013
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P412.25
基金項(xiàng)目:廣州市科技計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目（201804020038）；廣東省自然科學(xué)基金面上資助項(xiàng)目（2020A1515010602）；廣州市科技計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目（201903010101）

Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and doppler weather radar data

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摘要:

利用ECMWF高分辨率再分析資料及廣州多普勒天氣雷達(dá)資料，對(duì)1522號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)"彩虹"外圍衍生的廣州番禺龍卷和1806號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)"艾云尼"外圍衍生的廣州南沙龍卷進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，同時(shí)還挑選了一個(gè)未發(fā)生龍卷的臺(tái)風(fēng)做外圍環(huán)境參數(shù)對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明：兩次強(qiáng)龍卷都發(fā)生在登陸臺(tái)風(fēng)的東北象限，中低空急流明顯、低層輻合、高層輻散在珠江三角洲地區(qū)疊加是產(chǎn)生龍卷的有利天氣背景。環(huán)境影響因子均表現(xiàn)為對(duì)流有效位能較大、低層風(fēng)速較大、垂直風(fēng)切變較強(qiáng)、抬升凝結(jié)高低較低、抬升指數(shù)較小、風(fēng)暴相對(duì)螺旋度較大：相比之下，未發(fā)生龍卷的臺(tái)風(fēng)外圍中低空急流依然明顯，但其他環(huán)境影響因子大多數(shù)未達(dá)到發(fā)生龍卷的條件閾值。雷達(dá)反射率上均表現(xiàn)為一些超級(jí)單體特征，最強(qiáng)反射率均在59 dBZ以上，且低仰角都存在明顯的速度對(duì)。由于"彩虹"龍卷過(guò)程的對(duì)流有效位能、中低層風(fēng)速、低層風(fēng)切變、抬升指數(shù)及中氣旋強(qiáng)度等環(huán)境影響因子均明顯強(qiáng)于"艾云尼"龍卷過(guò)程，導(dǎo)致其強(qiáng)度明顯強(qiáng)于"艾云尼"龍卷。

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Doppler weather radar data and ECMWF reanalysis data were used to analyze tornado events originated in the outside-region of 1522 typhoon "Mujigate" and 1806 typhoon "Ewiniar" contrastively, and a typhoon without tornado was selected for comparison as environmental parameters at the same time. Results show that two typhoon-tornado events both occur in the northeast quadrant of landfalling typhoons, with some advantageous environmental conditions including low-level convergence, upper-level divergence and superimposition of strong jet at mid and low level over the Pearl River Delta. Environmental parameters are shown to be relatively large convective available potential energy, strong wind at low level,strong deep low-level vertical wind shear,low condensation uplift height and large Storm Relative Helicity(SRH). In contrast, most of the environmental impact factors of typhoons without tornadoes didn't reach the conditional threshold for tornadoes except superimposition of strong jet at mid and low level over the Pearl River Delta. Radar reflectivity are shown to be supercell characteristic and the most strong reflectivity is all large than 59 dBZ, speed pair can be found at low-angle of altitude;but the environmental impact factors of typhoons just as convective available potential energy, low-level wind speed, low-level vertical wind shear, Lifted Index and the strength of mesocyclone caused by typhoon "Mujigate" are stronger obvious than typhoon "Ewiniar",which cause typhoon-tornado strength by typhoon "Mujigate" stronger than typhoon "Ewiniar".

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諶志剛,李海燕,肖柳斯,傅佩玲,周芯玉.兩次臺(tái)風(fēng)衍生龍卷的環(huán)境背景和雷達(dá)特征對(duì)比分析.氣象科學(xué),2021,41(1):99-107 CHEN Zhigang, LI Haiyan, XIAO Liusi, FU Peiling, ZHOU Xinyu. Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and doppler weather radar data. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(1):99-107

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收稿日期:2019-05-05
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