青島地區(qū)暖區(qū)暴雨特征研究分析

doi:10.12306/2019jms.0042

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青島地區(qū)暖區(qū)暴雨特征研究分析
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                        10.12306/2019jms.0042
                    
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中圖分類號:P466
基金項目:青島市氣象局青年科研專項(2016qxqxq25);青島市氣象局科研專項(2018qdqxm01)

Characteristics of warm-sector rainstorms over the Qingdao area

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利用2011—2018年常規(guī)和非常規(guī)氣象觀測資料,統(tǒng)計分析青島地區(qū)38個暖區(qū)暴雨日的基本特征。結(jié)果表明:(1)青島地區(qū)暖區(qū)暴雨按發(fā)生的天氣形勢主要可分為暖切變型、冷鋒型、副高邊緣I型及產(chǎn)生連續(xù)性暴雨的副高邊緣II型。(2)暖區(qū)暴雨主要發(fā)生在7—9月,其中7、8月發(fā)生次數(shù)較高。暴雨落區(qū)和青島的地形關系密切,在南北山區(qū)形成兩條暖區(qū)暴雨高發(fā)生帶。(3)暖區(qū)暴雨的強對流特征明顯,短時強降水的貢獻隨總雨量的增加而加大,且降水時段集中,主要降水產(chǎn)生在6 h以內(nèi)。(4)冷鋒型和暖切變型的天氣形勢均為北部西風槽配合偏南的副熱帶高壓,低層有明顯的西南暖濕氣流輸送水汽,其中冷鋒型有明顯冷空氣南下在華北南部形成東北西南向冷鋒,而暖切變型的中支槽前在渤海西部有低渦生成,前部暖切位于半島北部地區(qū)。兩類副高邊緣型均為西低東高形勢,青島處于副高西側(cè),且副高邊緣II型的副高位置更為偏北,東移的西風槽更加深厚,與副高形成東西對峙,易出現(xiàn)連續(xù)性暴雨。(5)各型暖區(qū)暴雨基本發(fā)生在低層高能舌的頂端及由于風速切變和地形抬升造成的水汽輻合區(qū)域。

Abstract:

By using the conventional and non-conventional observation data from 2011 to 2018, the characteristics of 38 warm-sector rainstorms days over the Qingdao area were analyzed. Results show that: (1) according to the weather situation, the warm-sector rainstorms over the Qingdao area can be divided into four types, which are Cold-Front type (CF), Warm-Shear type (WS), Subtropical-High Edge type Ⅰ (SH-Ⅰ) and Ⅱ (SH-Ⅱ) producing continuous rainstorms. (2) Warm-sector rainstorms mainly occur in July, August and September, with majority in July and August. Warm-sector rainstorms are closely related to topography, and two rain belts are formed in the southern and northern mountainous areas. (3) All the warm-sector rainstorms have strong convective. The contribution of short-term heavy rainfalls increases with the total rainfall, and the main precipitation period is concentrated into six hours. (4) The weather situations of WS and CF type both have trough in the north and subtropical high in the south, and the low-level southwest jets provide warm and wet air to the north. The cold air of CF type moves southward and forms a northeast-southwest cold front in the south of North China Plain, while the WS type has low eddies in the west of Bohai Sea and WS line in the north of Shandong peninsula in front of the trough. The SH-Ⅰ and SH-Ⅱ type both have low in the west and high in the east. Qingdao is located on the west side of the subtropical high. When the subtropical high and the westerly trough are both strong enough, the continuous rainstorms will occur under the stable weather situation. (5) Warm-sector rainstorms in all types occur at the top of the low-level high-energy tongue and the water vapor convergence area caused by wind speed convergence or topographic uplift.

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李欣,張璐,江敦雙.青島地區(qū)暖區(qū)暴雨特征研究分析.氣象科學,2021,41(2):270-277 LI Xin, ZHANG Lu, JIANG Dunshuang. Characteristics of warm-sector rainstorms over the Qingdao area. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(2):270-277

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收稿日期:2019-06-02
最后修改日期:2019-07-25
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-14
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