水汽對梅雨期切變線大暴雨影響的數(shù)值試驗

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0064

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水汽對梅雨期切變線大暴雨影響的數(shù)值試驗
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0064
                    
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中圖分類號:P435
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（41805036）；江蘇省氣象學(xué)會青年科研基金項目（KQ201908）

A numerical study on the effect of water vapor on a rainstrom related to shear line during Mei-yu period

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摘要:

利用WRF （Weather Research Forecasting）中尺度數(shù)值模式對2010年7月12—13日梅雨期影響江蘇的江淮切變線大暴雨過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值試驗，重點(diǎn)研究切變線南側(cè)水汽強(qiáng)度、垂直厚度和輸送位置變化對降水發(fā)生、發(fā)展的影響，并揭示濕位渦對江淮切變線降水的指示性。結(jié)果表明：對流層高層水汽對降水強(qiáng)度和雨帶分布影響較小；中層水汽對整體雨帶形態(tài)的維持起了重要作用；低層水汽強(qiáng)度的變化主要對大暴雨區(qū)域及大暴雨中心降水強(qiáng)度存在影響；而水汽輸送位置離切變線越近越有利于暴雨的發(fā)生發(fā)展。同時，切變線南側(cè)水汽變化對江淮切變線和西南風(fēng)低空急流發(fā)生發(fā)展，以及相關(guān)高低空散度和上升運(yùn)動也存在影響，切變線南側(cè)水汽供應(yīng)越充足、水汽強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng)、水汽柱愈深厚、輸送位置離切變線越近，則高低空散度發(fā)展耦合愈充分，垂直上升運(yùn)動愈旺盛，切變形勢及切變線上低渦越活躍，相應(yīng)的降水強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng)、雨帶分布越寬闊連續(xù)。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)濕位渦（Moist Potential Vorticity，MPV）對江淮切變線降水有較好的指示性，且以正壓項MPV1的影響和指示為主。MPV1負(fù)峰值的出現(xiàn)指示降水峰值出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)MPV1 <-1.5 PVU時，切變線附近有小時降水量大于20 mm的短時強(qiáng)降雨發(fā)生。在MPV1<0條件下，若︱MPV2︱>0.05 PVU且尤其當(dāng)MPV2>0時，降水強(qiáng)度明顯增強(qiáng)，而MPV1為負(fù)、MPV2為正維持時間越久、︱MPV1︱和︱MPV2︱峰值越大，則江淮切變線降水持續(xù)時間越久、強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng)。

Abstract:

A numerical study was carried out by using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model on a rainstrom related to shear line over the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin from July 12 to 13, 2010,during Mei-yuperiod. This study focuses on the impact of intensity, vertical thickness, and transportation position change of water vapor on the south side of the shear line on the occurrence and development of the rainstorm, and reveals the indications of the wet potential vorticity on the Jianghuai shear line precipitation. Results show that:the upper tropospheric water vapor has relatively little effect on precipitation intensity and rainband distribution, whereas the middle tropospheric water vapor plays an important role in maintaining the overall rainband shape.The change of the low-level water vapor intensity mainly affects the shape of heavy rain area and the precipitation intensity in the heavy rain center. The closer the water vapor transports to the shear line, the more favorable it is for the occurrence and development of heavy rain. Moreover, the change of water vapor on the south side of the shear line has an impact on the occurrence and development of the shear line and southwesterly low-level jet, as well as the high and low level divergence and upward movement. The more water vapor supply is on the south side of the shear line, the stronger the water vapor intensity, the deeper the water vapor column, and the closer the transportation position are to the shear line, the more fully the coupling between the high and low altitude divergence development, the more vigorous vertical upward movement, and the greater the shear deformation potential. Consequently, more active low vortex are on the shear line, and stronger corresponding precipitation intensity and wider rainband distribution are obtained. It is also found that the Moist Potential Vorticity (MPV) is a good indication of precipitation related to shear line over the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin, and the influence and indication of MPV1 are relatively more important. The occurrence of a negative peak of MPV1 indicates the peak of precipitation will occur. When MPV1< -1.5 PVU, there will be a short-term heavy rainfall with hourly rainfall greater than 20 mm near the shear line. For MPV1<0, if ︱MPV2︱>0.05 PVU and especially when MPV2>0, the precipitation will significantly enhance. If the negative MPV1 and positive MPV2 maintain longer, and the ︱MPV1︱ and ︱MPV2︱become larger, the rain will be heavier and last longer.

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張雪蓉,李曉容,廖一帆,王宏斌,濮梅娟.水汽對梅雨期切變線大暴雨影響的數(shù)值試驗.氣象科學(xué),2021,41(5):617-630 ZHANG Xuerong, LI Xiaorong, LIAO Yifan, WANG Hongbin, PU Meijuan. A numerical study on the effect of water vapor on a rainstrom related to shear line during Mei-yu period. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(5):617-630

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收稿日期:2021-05-19
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-24
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