城市下墊面影響空氣污染的機制分析

doi:10.12306/2020jms.0022

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城市下墊面影響空氣污染的機制分析
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                        10.12306/2020jms.0022
                    
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中圖分類號:X513
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目（41975004）；國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目（2017YFC0209600）

Mechanism analysis of the impact of urban underlying surface on air pollution

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本文采用RBLM-chem模式,利用杭州市高分辨率城市建筑等資料,定量分析城市動力效應(yīng)、熱力效應(yīng)以及城市植被、人為熱對SO₂、NO₂、O₃、PM_2.5等主要污染物濃度的影響。結(jié)果表明,城市化過程使得大部分城區(qū)溫度上升約1℃,相對濕度下降約6%,風速下降約0.8 m·s^-1,湍流動能增強約0.03 m²·s^-2。城市動力效應(yīng)主要通過降低城市風速,使得城區(qū)污染物濃度升高,SO₂濃度有近5 μg·m^-3的上升,PM_2.5、O₃濃度也有近15 μg·m^-3的上升。城市熱力效應(yīng)主要通過熱島環(huán)流使城區(qū)污染物向上輸送,令地面污染物濃度降低,在城市大部分區(qū)域PM_2.5都有大約10 μg·m^-3的濃度下降。城市動力效應(yīng)大于熱力效應(yīng),城市的總體作用是使污染物濃度升高。城市下墊面使污染物濃度上升的另外一個機制是代替了自然有植被的下墊面,使污染物干沉降速度下降,但這一作用小于動力學效應(yīng)。另一方面,人為熱對城市主要污染物濃度都起著減小的作用,其中SO₂、NO₂、O₃、PM_2.5濃度降幅分別在2.5、3.0、6.0、10.0 μg·m^-3左右。城市植被可以顯著增加污染物干沉降速度,使主要污染物SO₂、NO₂、O₃和PM_2.5的干沉降速度分別上升0.1、0.1、0.03、0.06 m·s^-1左右,相應(yīng)地使上述污染物濃度分別下降2.5、6.0、4.0、6.0 μg·m^-3左右。

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In this paper, RBLM Chem model was used to quantitatively analyze the urban dynamic effect, thermal effect and the influence of urban vegetation and man-made heat on the concentration of main pollutants such as SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and PM_2.5. Results show that the temperature in most urban areas increases by about 1 ℃, the relative humidity decreases by about 6%, the wind speed decreases by about 0.8 m·s^-1, and the turbulent kinetic energy increases by about 0.03 m²·s^-2. The urban dynamic effect mainly increases the concentration of pollutants in the urban area by reducing the urban wind speed, hence the concentration of SO₂ increases nearly by 5 μg·m^-3 and the concentrations of PM_2.5 and O₃ also increase nearly by 15 μg·m^-3. Urban thermal effect mainly transports urban pollutants upward through heat island circulation so as to reduce the concentration of ground pollutants. PM_2.5 decreases about 10 μg·m^-3 in most urban areas. The urban dynamic effect is greater than the thermal effect. The overall function of the city is to increase the concentration of pollutants. Another mechanism for the increasing of pollutant concentration by urban underlying surface is to replace the underlying surface with natural vegetation and reduce the dry sedimentation rate of pollutants, but this effect is less than the dynamic effect. On the other hand, anthropogenic heat plays a role in reducing the concentration of main pollutants in cities, in which the concentration of SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and PM_2.5 decreases by about 2.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 μg·m^-3, respectively. Urban vegetation can significantly increase the dry deposition rate of pollutants, and increase the dry sedimentation rates of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, PM_2.5 by about 0.1, 0.1, 0.03 and 0.06 m·s^-1, respectively. The increasing in the dry sedimentation rate also has a concentration reduction effect on the above pollutants of about 2.5, 6.0, 4.0 and 6.0 μg·m^-3.

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羊騰躍,劉紅年,王學遠,胡非.城市下墊面影響空氣污染的機制分析.氣象科學,2021,41(6):780-790 YANG Tengyue, LIU Hongnian, WANG Xueyuan, HU Fei. Mechanism analysis of the impact of urban underlying surface on air pollution. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(6):780-790

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收稿日期:2020-01-17
最后修改日期:2020-03-01
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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