“21.7”鄭州極端暴雨的形成過程及致災(zāi)機(jī)理分析

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0002

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“21.7”鄭州極端暴雨的形成過程及致災(zāi)機(jī)理分析
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0002
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P458.1+21.1
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(U20A2097;41875108)

Analysis of “21.7” extreme rainstorm formation process and disaster mechanism in Zhengzhou

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摘要:

2021年7月19—21日,鄭州地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了罕見的極端暴雨天氣,過程累計(jì)降水量達(dá)到了732 mm,引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的城市內(nèi)澇,造成了巨大的人員和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。利用國(guó)家級(jí)自動(dòng)觀測(cè)站逐小時(shí)降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和歐洲中期天氣預(yù)報(bào)中心第五代大氣再分析資料(ERA-5)分析了鄭州地區(qū)"21.7"極端降水過程的降水特征以及其影響系統(tǒng)。結(jié)果表明:此次降水過程降水量大,持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),強(qiáng)降水范圍集中在鄭州及周邊地區(qū),強(qiáng)降水時(shí)段集中在20日14時(shí)以后,其中鄭州站20日17時(shí)小時(shí)降水量達(dá)到了201.9 mm·h^-1,超過了歷史極值。降水過程中南亞高壓東移,鄭州位于200 hPa高空槽前,500 hPa副高加強(qiáng)西伸,與大陸高壓對(duì)峙,鄭州位于低壓區(qū)形成低空輻合高空輻散的高低空配置。鄭州低空850 hPa有東南急流發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生東風(fēng)切變線同時(shí)伴隨著地面輻合線影響鄭州地區(qū),東南急流也將西太平洋上的水汽輸送至暴雨區(qū),并在地形阻擋作用下在鄭州地區(qū)匯集。低空急流與強(qiáng)降水在時(shí)間上有明顯同步,急流在地形作用下產(chǎn)生的輻合抬升也在暴雨區(qū)形成強(qiáng)烈的垂直上升運(yùn)動(dòng),對(duì)此次極端暴雨的產(chǎn)生和維持有明顯的影響。

Abstract:

A rare extreme rainstorm occurred in Zhengzhou from July 19 to 21, 2021. The accumulated precipitation in the rainstorm process reached 732 mm, and this process caused serious urban waterlogging, casualties and property loss. Here we use the national automatic meteorological observation hourly data and the ERA-5 reanalysis data to analyze features and influencing systems of the "21.7" extreme precipitation process in Zhengzhou. Results show that the precipitation process has the features of large accumulated rainfall and a long duration. The extremely heavy rainfall was concentrated in Zhengzhou after 14:00 BST on July 20, during which the precipitation at Zhengzhou station exceeded the historical record and reached 201.9 mm at 17:00 BST. During the precipitation process, the eastward extension of the South Asian high leaded Zhengzhou to be located in front of the 200 hPa trough. Meanwhile the Western Pacific subtropical high extended to west and confronted the high pressure system over the continental, leading to a 500 hPa low pressure located above Zhengzhou, and finally formed a configuration of convergence at low altitude and divergence at high altitude. There was a southeastern low-level jet at 850 hPa above Zhengzhou, which produces easterly wind shear line and surface convergence line affecting this area. The water vapor was transported from West Pacific to rainstorm area through the southeastern low-level jet and converged over the area of Zhengzhou due to the terrain obstruction.The time evolution of low-level jet is well consistent with the rainstorm process. The convergence and uplifting caused by topographic forcing formed the strong upward vertical motions over the rainstorm area, which caused a significant impact on the occurrence and maintenance of this extreme rainstorm.

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段汀,陳權(quán)亮,廖雨靜.“21.7”鄭州極端暴雨的形成過程及致災(zāi)機(jī)理分析.氣象科學(xué),2022,42(2):152-161 DUAN Ting, CHEN Quanliang, LIAO Yujing. Analysis of “21.7” extreme rainstorm formation process and disaster mechanism in Zhengzhou. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2022,42(2):152-161

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收稿日期:2021-12-15
最后修改日期:2022-01-15
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-31
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