夏季進入北極溫帶氣旋的活動特征及其影響因素

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0041

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2022年第42卷第2期 >171-181. DOI:10.12306/2022jms.0041

夏季進入北極溫帶氣旋的活動特征及其影響因素
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0041
                    
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中圖分類號:P443
基金項目:國家海洋局極地考察辦公室2020年度極地科學協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺委托項目(CXPT2020009);南方海洋科學與工程廣東省實驗室(珠海)創(chuàng)新團隊項目(311021008)

Characteristics of extratropical cyclones migrating into the Arctic in summer and their associated factors

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進入北極地區(qū)的氣旋在移動過程中往往伴有大風、強降水等特征,對北極氣候變化有深刻的影響?；贜CEP2再分析資料,識別并跟蹤了北半球夏季(6—8月)從中緯度進入北極的溫帶氣旋,考察了其年際變化特征和影響因素。結果表明:1979—2019年夏季進入北極的溫帶氣旋共867個,其中消失在北極邊緣區(qū)域和中心區(qū)域的數(shù)量分別為688個和161個,且后者平均強度更大、平均持續(xù)時間更長。分區(qū)域研究發(fā)現(xiàn),夏季從陸地進入極區(qū)的氣旋個數(shù)較多,而從海洋進入極區(qū)的氣旋強度更大,活動更為劇烈。對進入北極的氣旋年際時間序列進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),夏季進入北極的氣旋個數(shù)和強度均存在年際變率,其中氣旋個數(shù)的年際變率尤為顯著。氣旋個數(shù)年際變率主要周期為5 a,強度的主要周期約為2.7 a。進一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),引導氣流是影響氣旋向北移動的重要因素。此外,夏季北大西洋氣旋強度與同期北大西洋濤動(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)指數(shù)存在較好相關。研究還表明,進入極區(qū)氣旋活動的年際變化受大氣斜壓不穩(wěn)定性的影響,在北太平洋地區(qū)區(qū)域平均的Eady增長率與氣旋個數(shù)和強度的相關性均最強,相關系數(shù)分別為0.4和0.5。

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Extratropical cyclones migrating into the Arctic often cause strong winds, heavy rainfall, and other extreme events during the process of moving, which has a profound impact on the Arctic climate change. By using the NCEP2 reanalysis data, we identified and tracked the extratropical cyclones that enter the Arctic from the mid-latitudes during the summer (form June to August), and interannual variability and influencing factors of those cyclones were investigated. The results show that, a total of 867 extratropical cyclones entered the Arctic in summer from 1979 to 2019, of which 688 and 161 dissipated in the arctic marginal region and the central region, respectively.The cyclones dissipated in the central region normally had higher intensity and longer duration. Through sub-regional research, it is found that the number of cyclones entering the Arctic from land is relatively larger, while the cyclones entering the Arctic from oceans were more intense and active. Results of the time series analysis shows that the numbers and intensities of cyclones entering the Arctic both exhibited significant inter-annual variability, especially the numbers of those cyclones. The annual period of numbers and intensities of cyclones are about 5 years and 2.7 years, respectively. Further analysis found that the steering flow is an important factor affecting the northward movement of those cyclones. In addition, there was a good correlation between summer North Atlantic cyclone intensity and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the same period, reflecting the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation. The results also show that the annual variation of cyclone entering the Arctic is affected by baroclinic instability.The correlation between the regional averaged Eady growth rate and number or intensity of cyclones entering the North Pacific is stronger in the North Pacific region, with the correlation coefficients being 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.

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史楠,王召民,何海倫.夏季進入北極溫帶氣旋的活動特征及其影響因素.氣象科學,2022,42(2):171-181 SHI Nan, WANG Zhaomin, HE Hailun. Characteristics of extratropical cyclones migrating into the Arctic in summer and their associated factors. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2022,42(2):171-181

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收稿日期:2021-11-10
最后修改日期:2022-02-20
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-31
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