新冠肺炎疫情時(shí)期四川盆地大氣污染成因分析

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0038

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新冠肺炎疫情時(shí)期四川盆地大氣污染成因分析
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0038
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):X51
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0202000);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41922038);江蘇省PM2.5和臭氧污染協(xié)同控制重大專項(xiàng)

Analysis of air pollution in the Sichuan Basin during the COVID-19 pandemic

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摘要:

由于新型冠狀肺炎病毒(COVID-19)的爆發(fā),中國(guó)從2020年春節(jié)起實(shí)施了限制出行、交通管制等一系列措施,污染物排放量大幅度減少,但四川盆地區(qū)域仍出現(xiàn)了多次輕度空氣污染事件。本文結(jié)合空氣質(zhì)量觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與WRF-Chem模式模擬分析了疫情封控減排時(shí)期四川盆地污染的時(shí)空分布及成因。四川盆地區(qū)域二氧化氮(NO₂)因人為活動(dòng)減排從35.0 μg·m^-3下降至20.2 μg·m^-3,減少比例約為40%~60%,而臭氧(O₃)因NO_X-VOCs-O₃的非線性關(guān)系以及四川盆地區(qū)域氮氧化物(NO_X)、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(VOCs)排放與減排的不均衡反而從27.5 μg·m^-3上升至41.4 μg·m^-3,在重慶甚至增幅高達(dá)100%,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)了四川盆地區(qū)域氣態(tài)污染物的氧化和二次細(xì)顆粒物的生成。疫情減排對(duì)污染的影響存在較為顯著的區(qū)域差異,在成都、重慶地區(qū),二次污染的生成一定程度上抵消了一次污染物減排的影響,二次污染物與一次污染物的比例變化幅度為-10%~20%,而在南遂廣、川南、達(dá)萬(wàn)區(qū)域,細(xì)顆粒物(PM_2.5)平均質(zhì)量濃度從57.0 μg·m^-3降低至47.4 μg·m^-3,二次污染物與一次污染物的比例下降幅度約為30%~60%?？傮w而言,減排在疫情期間發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用,不平衡的一次減排和大氣氧化性的增強(qiáng)促進(jìn)了部分區(qū)域二次污染物生成過(guò)程,四川盆地區(qū)域的污染防治仍需注重多種污染物的協(xié)同治理。

Abstract:

After the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), multiple measures have been implemented to slow down the spread of virus, including travel restrictions and stay-at-home order, since the Chinese New Year 2020, leading to a huge reduction of the primary emission. However, several air pollution events still occurred in the Sichuan Basin. By combining in-situ observation and WRF-Chem simulations, this work aims to explore the cause of the air pollution during the lockdown period in the Sichuan Basin. Due to substantial transportation emission reduction, NO₂ concentration was significantly reduced from 35.0 μg·m^-3 to 20.2 μg·m^-3 in the Sichuan Basin area, dropping about 40%-60%. Spatially, there existed regional disparities in the change of O₃ concentration because of the NO_X-VOCs-O₃ non-linear relationship and the unbalanced emission reduction of NO_X and VOCs in the Sichuan Basin. During the lockdown,O₃ concentration in this region increased from 27.5 μg·m^-3 to 41.4 μg·m^-3 with the maximum increase reached 100% in Chongqing, and it enhanced secondary aerosol formation by increasing the atmospheric oxidation capacity. In the Chengdu and Chongqing area, the increasing of O₃ and atmospheric oxidation capacity promoted secondary aerosol formation, which somehow counteracted the primary pollution reduction. Meanwhile, in the other area of the Sichuan Basin, a decreasing O₃ and atmospheric oxidation capacity suppressed the secondary formation, and the mean PM_2.5 concentration reduced from 57.0 μg·m^-3 to 47.4 μg·m^-3. The rate of secondary and primary pollution changed about-10% to 20% in Chengdu and Chongqing area, and it decreased 30%-60% in the other area of the Sichuan Basin. In conclusion, the unbalanced primary emission reduction and the increasing atmospheric oxidation capacity favored the secondary pollution formation, which highlights that air quality control in the Sichuan Basin requires a coordinated and balanced control of multiple pollutants.

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黃鑒濤,劉婧懿,徐家煒,周德榮,黃昕.新冠肺炎疫情時(shí)期四川盆地大氣污染成因分析.氣象科學(xué),2022,42(3):377-389 HUANG Jiantao, LIU Jingyi, XU Jiawei, ZHOU Derong, HUANG Xin. Analysis of air pollution in the Sichuan Basin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2022,42(3):377-389

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收稿日期:2020-12-06
最后修改日期:2021-01-28
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-15
出版日期: 2022-06-25

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