影響三大洲的北非強沙塵暴動力機制WRF-chem模擬與分析

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0102

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影響三大洲的北非強沙塵暴動力機制WRF-chem模擬與分析
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0102
                    
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中圖分類號:P44
基金項目:國家自然科學基金面上資助項目(41276033);國家自然科學基金資助項目(41805033)

WRF-chem simulation and analysis on the dynamic mechanism of the strong dust storm in North Africa affecting three continents

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基于WRF-chem 模式對北非2018年3月下旬的典型強沙塵暴過程進行模擬, 分析了此次強沙塵發(fā)生季節(jié)、持續(xù)時間、局地特征以及傳輸路徑的關(guān)鍵動力系統(tǒng)與動力機制。鑒于起沙是沙塵暴發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵點之一,并且起沙主要取決于風力和下墊面沙源性質(zhì),本文測試了三種起沙參數(shù)化方案的影響,并將模擬結(jié)果與衛(wèi)星MODIS監(jiān)測及其再分析資料MERRA-2進行了對比,又經(jīng)系列統(tǒng)計方法檢驗。結(jié)果顯示,宏觀思路的起沙方案GOCART比AFWA和UoC 兩種起沙方案更適合此次大尺度強沙塵暴數(shù)值模擬(鋒面跨度接近60個經(jīng)度)。綜合沙塵暴關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)的動力機制分析和數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果顯示,強沙塵暴關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)為深厚的西風槽、沙塵冷鋒鋒面和鋒后的地面高壓反氣旋。北非中部深厚的西風槽為后傾槽,該系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定,造成沙塵暴持續(xù)時間長。沙塵暴鋒后反氣旋中的下沉氣流抑制了揚沙向高層擴散,造成低層能見度惡劣。沙塵鋒區(qū)結(jié)合了動力、熱動力以及濕熱動力不穩(wěn)定,因此鋒區(qū)風力大,地面沙塵驅(qū)動力強。而西風槽和強大反氣旋依托環(huán)流形勢,提供了沙塵傳輸?shù)饺笾薜拈L途輸送力。

Abstract:

Based on the WRF-Chem model, a typical North Africa severe dust storm process in late March 2018 is simulated, and the key synoptic systems and dynamic mechanisms of the occurrence seasons, last period, local features and transmission paths are analyzed. Due to the dust emission is one of key points of dust storm happening,and the dust emission mainly depends on the wind force and the nature of the underlying surface of dust source, the research of the paper focuses on the effect comparison of three parameterization schemes of the dust emission, then the numerical simulation results are compared with the satellite MODIS monitoring and its reanalysis data Merra-2,also a series of statistical tests are done, the results shows that it may be related to the circulation systems and the dust storm source all being with large scales (the front span is close to 60 longitudes), the dust emission scheme Gocart is more suitable for the strong synoptic dust storm numerical simulation than both AFWA and UoC schemes. The dynamic mechanism analysis and numerical simulation results of the strong dust storm show that the key systems of the strong dust storm are a deep westerly trough, a dust cold front and a surface high-pressure anticyclone behind the front. The deep westerly trough in central North Africa is a backward inclined trough and the system is stable in circulations, it causes the dust storms lasts a long duration .The descending flow in the anticyclone behind the dust storm front inhibits the diffusion of dust to the upper layer, it causes poor visibility in the near surface layer. The strong dust front area is with dynamic, thermal and moisture dynamic instabilities, so the wind in the front area is stronger and its drive force to the ground dust is more powerfully. The westerly trough and strong anticyclone provide the long-distance transport force of dust to the three continents based on the circulations.

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Altayeb Ragab,王堅紅,Abdoul Aziz Saidou Chaibou, Muhammad Arshad, Mohammed AbdAllah, Birhanu Asmerom Habtemicheal.影響三大洲的北非強沙塵暴動力機制WRF-chem模擬與分析.氣象科學,2022,42(6):769-780 Altayeb Ragab, WANG Jianhong, Abdoul Aziz Saidou Chaibou, Muhammad Arshad, Mohammed AbdAllah, Birhanu Asmerom Habtemicheal. WRF-chem simulation and analysis on the dynamic mechanism of the strong dust storm in North Africa affecting three continents. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2022,42(6):769-780

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收稿日期:2021-04-28
最后修改日期:2021-11-30
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-03-03
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