遼寧地區(qū)雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換天氣的判別和分析

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0087

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遼寧地區(qū)雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換天氣的判別和分析
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0087
                    
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中圖分類號:P458
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（42005037）

Research on discrimination critetion and analysis of rain-snow weather in Liaoning

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利用2011—2020年遼寧地區(qū)逐小時地面觀測數(shù)據(jù)和定時高空觀測數(shù)據(jù)，統(tǒng)計分析純雪、雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換兩類降水天氣特征。結(jié)果表明，遼寧地區(qū)2011—2020年雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換日數(shù)與純雪日數(shù)比值為1∶5，沿海地區(qū)多于內(nèi)陸，雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換時主要有5種天氣類型：空中槽型、北上氣旋型、低渦切變型、冷平流型、回流型，其中，空中槽型雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換日數(shù)最多，占總?cè)諗?shù)的42.8%；冷平流型和回流型相對較少，分別占9.4%和7.8%。地面2 m氣溫、0℃層高度、抬升凝結(jié)高度、抬升凝結(jié)高度氣溫與地面2 m氣溫差、700~850 hPa位勢高度差、850~1 000 hPa位勢高度差等6個氣象因子對鑒定遼寧地區(qū)降水相態(tài)有一定參考意義。利用高分辨的歐洲細(xì)網(wǎng)格資料對2021年2月28日雨雪天氣過程的降水相態(tài)進(jìn)行診斷分析，結(jié)果表明，雨雪相態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變對對流層低層溫度平流非常敏感，0℃層高度、冰雪層厚度、粒子降落行程與降水相態(tài)之間關(guān)系密切；當(dāng)0℃層高度降低（由920 hPa到950 hPa），云中冰雪層增厚（由430 hPa增至530 hPa），液態(tài)水層變?。ㄓ?0 hPa到10 hPa），云中冰雪物下落到地面的行程縮短（由780 m降至410 m），下落環(huán)境溫度降低（由3.5℃到0.5℃），降水相態(tài)由雨轉(zhuǎn)換為雨夾雪或雪。

Abstract:

Using the hourly ground observation data and regular radiosonde data in Liaoning from 2011 to 2020, this study statistically analyzed the characteristics of weather conditions of snow day and rain-snow day during precipitation. The results showed that the ratio of the number of rain-snow days to the number of snow days in Liaoning from 2011 to 2020 was 1:5, and the number of days in coastal areas were more than inland areas. The rain-snow days mainly included air trough type, northward cyclone type, low vortex shear type, cold advection type and reflux type. Among the five weather types, the air trough type accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 42.8%, while the cold advection type and reflux type were relatively less, accounting for 9.4% and 7.8%, respectively. Six meteorological factors, such as 2 m temperature, height of 0℃ layer, lifting condensation level (LCL), temperature difference between LCL and 2 m above the ground, differences of geopotential height between 700 hPa and 850 hPa and between 850 hPa and 1 000 hPa, are of positive significance to identify the types of precipitation phase in Liaoning. Using the high-resolution ECMWF fine-grided numerical forecast data, the transition of precipitation types was analyzed in a rainy and snowy weather on February 28, 2021. It was found that the transition of rain and snow phases is very sensitive to the temperature advection in the lower troposphere, and there were close relationships between the cloud thickness of ice and snow, the journey falling to the ground, the height of 0℃ layer and the transition of precipitation types. When the height of the 0℃ layer decreased (from 920 hPa to 950 hPa) and the ice and snow layer (from 430 hPa to 530 hPa) in the cloud were obviously thickened, in coupling with the liquid water layer was obviously thinned (from 20 hPa to 10 hPa), the distance of ice and snow falling to the ground in the cloud was shortened (from 780 m to 410 m), and then the temperature below the ice and snow layer was further reduced (from 3.5℃ to 0.5℃), leading to the precipitation type changed from rain to sleet or snow.

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徐紅,房一禾,陳軍慶,路海軍,宋明坤.遼寧地區(qū)雨雪轉(zhuǎn)換天氣的判別和分析.氣象科學(xué),2023,43(2):262-269 XU Hong, FANG Yihe, CHEN Junqing, LU Haijun, SONG Mingkun. Research on discrimination critetion and analysis of rain-snow weather in Liaoning. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2023,43(2):262-269

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收稿日期:2021-03-31
最后修改日期:2021-10-30
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-20
出版日期: 2023-04-15

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