2020年8月黃河中游致洪暴雨氣象水文特征

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0006

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2020年8月黃河中游致洪暴雨氣象水文特征
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0006
                    
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P426
基金項(xiàng)目:河南省聯(lián)合基金(應(yīng)用攻關(guān)類(lèi))(222103810092);中國(guó)氣象局·河南省農(nóng)業(yè)氣象保障與應(yīng)用技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(KZ202001);河南省科技廳重點(diǎn)研發(fā)與推廣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(212102310025);2023年度河南省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(科技攻關(guān)(232102320027));中國(guó)氣象局氣象能力提升聯(lián)合研究專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(22NLTSY005)

Meteorological and hydrological characteristics of flood causing rainstorm in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020

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摘要:

利用ECMWF提供的ERA5再分析資料(分辨率0.25°×0.25°)和黃河流域加密的氣象水文實(shí)況資料,分析了降水集中期的氣象水文特征。結(jié)果表明:平均中緯度低槽、南亞高壓和阻塞高壓偏強(qiáng),副熱帶高壓位置偏西、偏北,且異常偏強(qiáng)是造成2020年8月黃河中游持續(xù)性強(qiáng)降水的主要環(huán)流背景;水汽輸送較常年同期偏多,來(lái)自東海和孟加拉灣的東南和西南暖濕氣流沿副熱帶高壓邊緣不斷輸送到黃河中游地區(qū),并和中緯度低槽攜帶的冷空氣在此交匯形成持續(xù)性的強(qiáng)降水。水文特征分析表明,導(dǎo)致潼關(guān)水文站出現(xiàn)3次洪水的較大面雨量,主要來(lái)源于潼關(guān)以上的8個(gè)子流域;2020年8月的洪水超過(guò)2011年9月的,為潼關(guān)站近20 a來(lái)的最大的洪水過(guò)程;5號(hào)和6號(hào)洪水連續(xù)超過(guò)編號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)長(zhǎng),為120 h和44 h,最大流量達(dá)6 300 m³·s^-1;流量開(kāi)始增加的時(shí)間落后降水開(kāi)始的時(shí)間12 h~3 d,峰值落后降水結(jié)束的時(shí)間12 h~4 d;黃河支流水文站的流量峰值與水文站所在子流域降水范圍、量級(jí)呈正相關(guān),流入潼關(guān)站的流量從大到小依次為龍門(mén)站、華縣站、狀頭站和河津站。歷史對(duì)比表明,2020年8月黃河中游累積面雨量為近30 a來(lái)最大,北部6個(gè)子流域面雨量表現(xiàn)更為極端,降水持續(xù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。

Abstract:

Based on the ERA5 0.25°×0.25° reanalysis data provided by ECMWF and the encrypted real meteorological and hydrological data of the Yellow River Basin, the meteorological and hydrological characteristics of the precipitation concentration period were analyzed. Results show that the average mid-latitude low trough, South Asian High and blocking high are strong, and the subtropical high is located west to north and abnormally strong. These are the main circulation background that led to the persistent heavy precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020. The water vapor transportation is abnormally more than the same period of the previous year. The southeast and southwest warm and humid air flow from the East China Sea and the Bay of Bengal is continuously transported along the edge of the subtropical high to the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where it intersects with the cold air carried by the mid-latitude low trough to form continuous heavy rainfall. The analysis of hydrological characteristics shows that the large areal rainfall that led to the occurrence of three numbered floods at the Tongguan Hydrological Station mainly came from the eight sub-basins above Tongguan. The flood in August 2020 exceeded that in September 2011, and was the largest flood in Tongguan Station in the past 20 years; The duration of No.5 and No.6 flood were 120 h and 44 h longer than numbering flood standard, with a maximum flow of 6 300 m³·s^-1. The time when the flow began to increase is 12 h-3 d later than the time of precipitation starts, and the peak is 12 h-4 d later than the time of precipitation ends. There is a positive correlation between the peak discharge value of hydrology station of Yellow River tributaries and the range and magnitude of precipitation in the sub-basin where the hydrology station is located. The flow into Tongguan station is Longmen station, Huaxian station, Zhuangtou station and Hejin station in descending order. Historical comparison shows that the accumulated areal rainfall in the middle Reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020 is the largest in the past 30 years, and the areal rainfall in the six sub-basins in the north of the Yellow River was more extreme and the rainfall duration was longer.

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喬春貴,王君,梁鈺,楊立志.2020年8月黃河中游致洪暴雨氣象水文特征.氣象科學(xué),2023,43(3):358-369 QIAO Chungui, WANG Jun, LIANG Yu, YANG Lizhi. Meteorological and hydrological characteristics of flood causing rainstorm in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2023,43(3):358-369

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收稿日期:2022-04-18
最后修改日期:2023-02-22
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在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-27
出版日期: 2023-06-15

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