傳統(tǒng)梅雨區(qū)西北部梅雨期降水特征研究

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0070

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傳統(tǒng)梅雨區(qū)西北部梅雨期降水特征研究
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0070
                    
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中圖分類號:P434.5
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(41975048; 42030605);江蘇省自然科學基金資助項目(BK20191404)

The precipitation characteristics during Meiyu period in the northwestern part of traditional Meiyu area

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本文從氣候平均角度及年際時間尺度對傳統(tǒng)梅雨區(qū)(28°~34°N,110°~123°E)的西北部(NW區(qū))梅雨期降水及其與大氣環(huán)流和海溫的關系進行了研究,重點比較其與典型梅雨區(qū)梅雨期降水的異同。結果表明:(1)氣候平均而言,850 hPa層次上大于40 g·m·kg^-1·s^-1的水汽輸送帶無法覆蓋NW區(qū),導致該地區(qū)在35~37候沒有類似于江南地區(qū)、長江中下游地區(qū)和江淮地區(qū)梅汛期集中性降水的特征。(2)1979—2017年共39 a中,NW區(qū)有24 a出現了梅雨現象,有15 a為空梅,平均入梅日期為6月27日,比長江流域偏晚13 d,平均出梅日期為7月13日,與長江流域相近,梅雨期平均日降水量與長江流域相當。(3)NW區(qū)梅雨期時,雨量偏多的地區(qū)在我國黃淮地區(qū),此時江南地區(qū)雨量偏少。東亞夏季風系統(tǒng)成員,如南亞高壓、西太平洋副熱帶高壓、青藏高原南部梅雨錨槽、低層西北太平洋反氣旋等都比長江流域梅雨時偏北。(4)與典型梅雨區(qū)不同,NW區(qū)的入梅時間與赤道印度洋、赤道中東太平洋等關鍵區(qū)海溫沒有顯著關聯。

Abstract:

The northwestern part (NW) of the traditional Meiyu area (28°-34°N, 110°-123°E) is close to the typical Meiyu area of the Yangtze and Huaihe River Basin. The precipitation in the NW area during the Meiyu period and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature from the perspective of climatological mean and interannual time scales were studied, focusing on comparing its similarities and differences with the precipitation during the Meiyu period in typical Meiyu regions. Results show that (1) in terms of climatology, the water vapor conveyor belt larger than 40 g·m·kg^-1·s^-1 at the 850 hPa cannot cover the NW area. Therefore, the concentrated precipitation that is observed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the south of the Yangtze River, and Jianghuai Region disappears in the NW area during pentad 35-37. (2) During the 39 years from 1979 to 2017, there are 24 years with Meiyu in the NW area, and 15 years without Meiyu. The average meiyu onset date is June 27, which is 13 days later than that in Yangtze River Basin; and the average meiyu ending date is July 13, which is similar to that in the Yangtze River Basin. The average daily precipitation rate during the Meiyu period is equivalent to that in the Yangtze River Basin, although the Meiyu amount is less than that in the Yangtze River Basin. (3) During the NW meiyu period, the area with more rainfall is in the Huanghuai region in China, and the rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River is less than normal. Members of the East Asian summer monsoon system, such as the South Asian high, the western Pacific Subtropical high, the Meiyu anchor trough in the southern Tibetan Plateau, and the low-level Northwest Pacific anticyclone, are all located more northward than those during the Meiyu period of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. (4) Unlike the typical Meiyu area, the time series of Meiyu onset date in the NW area is not significantly related to the sea surface temperature in key areas such as the equatorial Indian Ocean and the equatorial central and eastern Pacific.

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劉澤萱,胡景高,郭棟,謝金材.傳統(tǒng)梅雨區(qū)西北部梅雨期降水特征研究.氣象科學,2023,43(4):460-472 LIU Zexuan, HU Jinggao, GUO Dong, XIE Jincai. The precipitation characteristics during Meiyu period in the northwestern part of traditional Meiyu area. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2023,43(4):460-472

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收稿日期:2021-05-20
最后修改日期:2021-07-19
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-01-23
出版日期: 2023-08-15

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