FY-4A GIIRS高時(shí)間分辨率溫濕度廓線反演及其在臺(tái)風(fēng)中的應(yīng)用

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0083

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FY-4A GIIRS高時(shí)間分辨率溫濕度廓線反演及其在臺(tái)風(fēng)中的應(yīng)用
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0083
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P407.6
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41975025);海南省南海氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金(SCSF202006)

Temperature and humidity retrieval of FY-4A GIIRS with high temporal resolution and its application in typhoon

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針對(duì)2020年第9號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)"美莎克"期間FY-4A 高光譜紅外干涉式大氣垂直探測(cè)儀GIIRS每15 min一次的目標(biāo)區(qū)跟蹤加密觀測(cè)資料,用三維卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法反演的全天空大氣溫度、濕度廓線分析了臺(tái)風(fēng)處于生命史不同階段時(shí)暖心結(jié)構(gòu)和濕度場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變特征。結(jié)果表明:卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的深度機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法可以用來(lái)反演全天空的三維大氣溫度和濕度垂直廓線,不光適用范圍廣(晴空和有云視場(chǎng))、反演精度高,而且反演速度快。利用靜止衛(wèi)星平臺(tái)高時(shí)間分辨率的特性,反演得到的溫度、濕度廓線可以細(xì)致追蹤臺(tái)風(fēng)處于發(fā)展、成熟和登陸等階段時(shí)暖心結(jié)構(gòu)和濕度場(chǎng)的時(shí)空演變特征。臺(tái)風(fēng)從發(fā)展階段(熱帶風(fēng)暴和強(qiáng)熱帶風(fēng)暴)到成熟階段至登陸消亡時(shí),暖心首先出現(xiàn)在對(duì)流層中高層較薄的區(qū)域,隨著臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng),深厚的暖心結(jié)構(gòu)明顯、強(qiáng)度增加,水平面積增大且垂直往下延伸。由于對(duì)流云中強(qiáng)上升氣流的輸送水汽正距平區(qū)逐漸上傳至300 hPa,臺(tái)風(fēng)最強(qiáng)時(shí)密閉云區(qū)與四周下沉氣流區(qū)比濕差高到8 K·kg^-1。暖心結(jié)構(gòu)和高濕度中心隨著臺(tái)風(fēng)登陸而逐漸消失。

Abstract:

Based on FY-4A GIIRS (Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder) tracking observation data to the target area with high-time density (every 15 minutes) during typhoon No. 2009, the three-dimensional convolution neural network algorithm was adopted to retrieve the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under all-sky condition in this paper. The GIIRS observed brightness temperatures and the retrievals of atmospheric temperature and humidity profile were used to analyze the evolution characteristics of typhoon warm core and humidity field structure during different stages in typhoon life history. Results show that the convolution neural network as deep machine learning algorithm is effective for retrieving three-dimensional atmospheric temperature and humidity profile under all-sky condition, not only suitable for clear sky and cloud field of view but with high accuracy and high speed. Utilizing the high temporal resolution characteristics of the geostationary satellite platform, the temperature and humidity profile retrievals can track the temporal and spatial evolution of typhoon warm core and humidity field structure in detail during different stages. The warm core first appears in the thin region of the middle and upper troposphere. The deep warm core structure is obvious, the intensity increases, the horizontal area increases and extends vertically downward with the strengthening of typhoon intensity from development stage (tropical storm and severe tropical storm), maturity (typhoon) to landfall and dissipation stages. Due to the transport of strong updraft in convective cloud, the positive water vapor anomaly gradually uploads to 300 hPa height. When the typhoon is strongest, the humidity difference between the center closed cloud area and the surrounding downdraft area is up to 8 K·kg^-1. Warm core structure and high humidity center gradually disappear with the typhoon landing.

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官莉,韓靜,薛秋蒙. FY-4A GIIRS高時(shí)間分辨率溫濕度廓線反演及其在臺(tái)風(fēng)中的應(yīng)用.氣象科學(xué),2023,43(4):561-568 GUAN Li, HAN Jing, XUE Qiumeng. Temperature and humidity retrieval of FY-4A GIIRS with high temporal resolution and its application in typhoon. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2023,43(4):561-568

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收稿日期:2022-06-25
最后修改日期:2022-09-26
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-01-23
出版日期: 2023-08-15

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