南極中山站附近地表大風(fēng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特征研究

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0062

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南極中山站附近地表大風(fēng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特征研究
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0062
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P425
基金項(xiàng)目:第二次青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察研究資助項(xiàng)目（2019QZKK0105）；國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（42122036）

Statistical characteristics of surface gales near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica

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摘要:

利用近20 a的ERA5再分析資料研究了南極中山站附近的大風(fēng)和極端大風(fēng)事件的統(tǒng)計(jì)與環(huán)流特征。結(jié)果表明，春季大風(fēng)事件的發(fā)生頻次最高，夏季最少；冬季大風(fēng)事件的平均持續(xù)時(shí)間最長，夏季最短；但大風(fēng)事件的平均強(qiáng)度無明顯季節(jié)變化。極端大風(fēng)事件的發(fā)生頻次具有顯著的季節(jié)差異，冬季發(fā)生頻次約為夏季的6倍、春秋的2倍，但平均持續(xù)時(shí)間和強(qiáng)度無明顯季節(jié)變化。大風(fēng)發(fā)生期間，南極對(duì)流層上層為單一極渦控制。在對(duì)流層中層，中低緯暖濕氣流的向極入侵使得極渦破碎分裂，在中山站東側(cè)產(chǎn)生高壓脊，脊前冷空氣下沉在地表堆積形成冷高壓反氣旋，其偏東氣流在地形下坡風(fēng)的作用下產(chǎn)生大風(fēng)事件。上述環(huán)流特征在冬季最強(qiáng)、夏季最弱，從而導(dǎo)致大風(fēng)事件的季節(jié)變化。

Abstract:

By using the ERA5 reanalysis data in recent 20 years, the statistical and circulation characteristics of gale and extreme gale events near the Zhongshan station in Antarctica were analyzed. Results show that the occurrence frequency of gale events is the highest in spring and the least in summer. The mean duration time of gale events is the longest in winter and the shortest in summer. However, there is no seasonal variation of the mean intensity of gale events. For extreme gale events, seasonal variations are found in their occurrence frequency. In winter, the occurrence frequency is about 6 times of that in summer, and twice of that in spring and autumn. There is little difference in the mean duration time and intensity in each season. During gale events, the upper troposphere of Antarctica is dominated by a unique polar vortex. In the middle troposphere, the polar vortex breaks up owing to the intrusion of warm moist air from the mid-lower latitudes, forming a ridge to the east of Zhongshan Station. The sinking air ahead of the ridge creates of anticyclonic cold high at the surface. Gales occur near Zhongshan Station as the easterly flow of the anticyclone goes downslope the plateau. The aforementioned circulation features are the strongest (weakest) in winter (spring), which thus gives rise to the seasonal variation of gale events.

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鐘文亮,徐昕,息濤.南極中山站附近地表大風(fēng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特征研究.氣象科學(xué),2023,43(6):711-722 ZHONG Wenliang, XU Xin, XI Tao. Statistical characteristics of surface gales near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2023,43(6):711-722

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收稿日期:2023-04-04
最后修改日期:2023-06-24
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-01
出版日期: 2023-12-15

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