基于云微物理過(guò)程的北方凍雨的模擬與形成機(jī)制研究

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0089

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基于云微物理過(guò)程的北方凍雨的模擬與形成機(jī)制研究
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0089
                    
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P426.64
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上資助項(xiàng)目(42075063;42275077;42230604)

Simulation and formation mechanism of northern freezing rain based on cloud microphysical processes

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摘要:

本文通過(guò)耦合AFWA(Air Force Weather Agency)凍雨參數(shù)化方案的WRF模式,對(duì)2020年冬季因暖鋒引發(fā)的中國(guó)北方嚴(yán)重凍雨災(zāi)害個(gè)例進(jìn)行了模擬,結(jié)果顯示模式能夠很好地模擬此次凍雨過(guò)程中降水相態(tài)的空間分布。通過(guò)分析暖鋒的演變、水成物云微物理特征以及降水相態(tài)的變化,得到:在遼寧中北部-吉林中東部地區(qū),暖鋒導(dǎo)致中低空形成"冷-暖-冷"的溫度層結(jié),該區(qū)凍雨形成機(jī)制以"冰相機(jī)制"為主,即高空的雪花落入大于0℃暖層內(nèi)融化、再降落到次凍結(jié)層后形成凍雨。同時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)存在高空無(wú)固態(tài)水成物、逆溫層內(nèi)暖雨下落到次凍結(jié)層在地面形成凍雨的現(xiàn)象,這種新機(jī)制被定義為"暖雨機(jī)制",更多水成物垂直剖面與同期地面觀測(cè)降水相態(tài)的比對(duì),驗(yàn)證了新機(jī)制的存在,并解釋了該機(jī)制形成的可能原因。為更深入理解凍雨形成機(jī)理以及北方凍雨的預(yù)報(bào)、預(yù)警提供科學(xué)支撐。

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A warm front-induced severe freezing rain event in northern China in 2020 was simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) freezing rain parameterization scheme,which indicates that the model can well simulate the spatial distribution of the precipitation phase during this freezing rain event.Results from the analyses of the warm front evolution,microphysical characteristics of hydrometeors in clouds,and changes in the precipitation phase show that in the central northern part of Liaoning and the central eastern part of Jilin,a warm front causes the formation of a "cold-warm-cold" temperature stratification in the middle and low altitudes.The formation mechanism of freezing rain in this area is mainly based on the"ice phase mechanism ",which means that high-altitude snowflakes fall into the warm layer above 0℃ and melt,then fall into the sub-freezing layer to form freezing rain.At the same time,the phenomenon of the absence of solid-state water particles in the higher altitudes,warm rain falling within the temperature inversion layer to the sub-freezing layer and forming freezing rain on the ground was observed,which is firstly defined as the" warm rain mechanism ",and further comparisons between vertical profiles of hydrometeors and concurrent ground-based observations of precipitation phase confirm the existence of this new mechanism,and the potential reasons for its formation have been explained.The validation of the" warm rain mechanism"sheds light on the mechanisms underlying freezing rain formation and provides scientific basis for improving the forecasting and warning systems for freezing rain events in northern China.

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曾箐芃,韓永翔,陸正奇,李嘉欣,劉唯佳.基于云微物理過(guò)程的北方凍雨的模擬與形成機(jī)制研究.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(1):147-156 ZENG Qingpeng, HAN Yongxiang, LU Zhengqi, LI Jiaxin, LIU Weijia. Simulation and formation mechanism of northern freezing rain based on cloud microphysical processes. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(1):147-156

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收稿日期:2023-09-10
最后修改日期:2023-12-14
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-03-13
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