空間分辨率對(duì)中國(guó)夏季降水時(shí)空演變特征的影響

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空間分辨率對(duì)中國(guó)夏季降水時(shí)空演變特征的影響
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中圖分類號(hào):P426
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023YFC3209301);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41975090);湖南省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2022JJ20043)

Effect of spatial resolution on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of summer precipitation in China

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本文使用1979—2021年國(guó)家氣候中心160站(R₁₆₀)和國(guó)家級(jí)地面氣象觀測(cè)站2 314站(R₂₃₁₄)逐月降水觀測(cè)資料,利用EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function)分解和相關(guān)分析等方法,研究?jī)深愘Y料夏季降水時(shí)空變化特征及其與海氣因素之間物理聯(lián)系的表征水平差異,并分析了差異的可能原因。結(jié)果表明,R₁₆₀在我國(guó)西北、青藏高原等地區(qū)站點(diǎn)極為稀疏,導(dǎo)致其各EOF模態(tài)對(duì)上述地區(qū)降水的時(shí)空變化特征描述失真,中東部地區(qū)偏低的空間分辨率會(huì)使局地強(qiáng)降水的變化特征信號(hào)損失,造成降水的年際變率降低。而R₂₃₁₄主模態(tài)能夠更為真實(shí)地反映我國(guó)降水的時(shí)空演變特征,特別是在極端降水頻發(fā)的江淮地區(qū)以及降水受局地地形影響較大的山區(qū),其EOF主模態(tài)的空間分布和時(shí)間系數(shù)演變與ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)、西太平洋副熱帶高壓、青藏高原雪蓋等氣候強(qiáng)迫信號(hào)之間的相關(guān)性更為顯著。

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Based on the monthly precipitation observation data of 160 stations of National Climate Center (R₁₆₀) and 2 314 stations of national surface meteorological observatory (R₂₃₁₄) from 1979-2021, by using EOF decomposition and correlation analysis, the spatio-temporal characteristics of summer precipitation variation and its physical connection with ocean and atmosphere factors were studied respectively, meanwhile the possible reasons were discussed. Results show that the spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation variation in northwestern China, Tibetan Plateau and other regions are distorted by the leading EOF modes due to their extremely sparse distribution of stations. In addition, its low spatial resolution would lose the signal of variation characteristics in local heavy rainfall and reduce interannual climate variability in the central and eastern China. In contrast, the leading mode of R₂₃₁₄ can reflect the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of precipitation in China more realistically, especially in the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers region where extreme precipitation occurs frequently and in the mountainous areas where precipitation is greatly affected by local terrain, the evolution of spatial distribution and the temporal coefficient are more different from those of R₁₆₀. Moreover, the association between abnormal variation of R₂₃₁₄ and forcing signals such as ENSO, western Pacific subtropical high and Tibetan Plateau snow cover are more significant.

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謝子璜,胡軼佳,朱益民,哈瑤.空間分辨率對(duì)中國(guó)夏季降水時(shí)空演變特征的影響.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(2):280-291 XIE Zihuang, HU Yijia, ZHU Yimin, HA Yao. Effect of spatial resolution on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of summer precipitation in China. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(2):280-291

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收稿日期:2022-09-25
最后修改日期:2022-11-27
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-05-17
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