長江中下游地區(qū)驟發(fā)干旱與緩發(fā)干旱特征對比研究

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長江中下游地區(qū)驟發(fā)干旱與緩發(fā)干旱特征對比研究
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中圖分類號:P429
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金委氣象聯(lián)合基金資助項(xiàng)目(U2342208); 國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2018YFC1507704; 2018YFC1505804)

Comparisons on the characteristics of flash drought and slowly-evolving drought in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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基于再分析土壤濕度、大氣等壓面資料以及國際耦合模式比較計(jì)劃(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)數(shù)據(jù),利用大氣柱水分收支原理及歸因方法,本文識別了1979—2020年長江中下游地區(qū)格點(diǎn)驟發(fā)干旱與緩發(fā)干旱,分析其空間分布及統(tǒng)計(jì)特征,并且診斷區(qū)域性典型驟發(fā)干旱與緩發(fā)干旱事件的發(fā)展過程及人為因素的影響。結(jié)果表明:該區(qū)域驟發(fā)干旱頻發(fā),主要發(fā)生在南部,強(qiáng)度偏強(qiáng),且大多發(fā)展于夏季;而緩發(fā)干旱發(fā)生較少,主要發(fā)生在北部,強(qiáng)度偏弱,且大多發(fā)展于秋季。大氣柱水汽凈輻散對兩類干旱的發(fā)展速度起到了重要作用,驟發(fā)干旱在發(fā)展過程中大氣柱水汽凈輻散偏強(qiáng),造成蒸散發(fā)與降水差值較大,使得土壤濕度下降速度快于緩發(fā)干旱。2019年夏季長江中下游地區(qū)發(fā)生了一次大范圍的驟發(fā)干旱事件,在發(fā)展階段,副熱帶高壓西伸增強(qiáng)了區(qū)域大氣柱的風(fēng)場輻散,使大氣柱水汽凈輻散強(qiáng),干旱快速發(fā)展。2010/2011年發(fā)生了一次區(qū)域緩發(fā)干旱事件,在秋季發(fā)展階段,近地層風(fēng)場為一弱反氣旋環(huán)流,風(fēng)場輻散作用偏弱,大氣柱水汽凈輻散偏小,使干旱發(fā)展速度較慢。人類活動對2019年驟發(fā)干旱事件的影響強(qiáng)于2010/2011年緩發(fā)干旱事件。

Abstract:

Based on the reanalysis of soil moisture, atmospheric isobaric surface data, and CMIP6 model data, the principle of atmospheric column water budget and the attribution method were used to identify the grid flash drought and slowly-evolving drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1979 to 2020, moreover, their spatial distribution and statistical characteristics were also analyzed. Furthermore, the development process of regional flash drought and slowly-evolving drought events as well as the influence of human factors were diagnosed. Results show that the flash drought occurrs frequently in the region, mainly in the south areas, with strong intensity, and mostly develops in summer. The slowly-evolving drought occurrs less, mainly in the north areas, with weak intensity, and mostly develops in autumn. The atmospheric column water vapor net divergence plays an important role in the development of the two types of drought. In the development process of flash drought, the atmospheric column water vapor net divergence is stronger, which results in a larger difference between evapotrans￣piration and precipitation, and the decrease rate of soil moisture is faster than the slowly-evolving drought. In the summer of 2019, a large-scale flash drought event occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the development stage, the westward extension of subtropical high enhanced the divergence of wind field in the regional atmospheric column, resulting in strong atmospheric column water vapor net divergence and rapid development of drought. A regional slowly-evolving drought event occurred in 2010/2011. During the autumn development stage, the wind field near the ground layer was a weak anticyclonic circulation. The divergence of wind field was weak, and the atmospheric column water vapor net divergence was small, which led to the slowly-evolving drought. Human activities contributed more to the flash drought event in 2019 than to the slowly-evolving drought event in 2010/2011.

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施欣池,余錦華,張旭煜.長江中下游地區(qū)驟發(fā)干旱與緩發(fā)干旱特征對比研究.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(2):292-300 SHI Xinchi, YU Jinhua, ZHANG Xuyu. Comparisons on the characteristics of flash drought and slowly-evolving drought in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(2):292-300

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收稿日期:2022-06-16
最后修改日期:2022-07-13
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-05-17
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