中國(guó)大陸臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水的基本特征

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中國(guó)大陸臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水的基本特征
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P444;P426.6
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(42330610;42192552)

Characteristics of typhoon remote extreme precipitation in Chinese Mainland

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摘要:

臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水可以分為極端小時(shí)降水(Extreme Hourly Precipitation,EXHP)和極端持續(xù)性強(qiáng)降水(Extremely Persistent Heavy Rainfall,EPHR)兩類(lèi),因其作用距離遠(yuǎn)、機(jī)理復(fù)雜,是強(qiáng)降水業(yè)務(wù)預(yù)報(bào)中的重大挑戰(zhàn)。為了加深對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水特征的認(rèn)識(shí),本文利用2009—2019年中國(guó)自動(dòng)站融合CMORPH衛(wèi)星降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)、熱帶氣旋的最佳路徑數(shù)據(jù)集,揭示了中國(guó)大陸EXHP和EPHR事件的基本特征。結(jié)果表明:環(huán)渤海、長(zhǎng)江中下游、四川盆地是由臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離降水引發(fā)的EPHR和EXHP事件的3個(gè)高發(fā)區(qū),強(qiáng)降水持續(xù)時(shí)間≥5 h為臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離EPHR的判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在3個(gè)不同的區(qū)域內(nèi),EXHP的閾值分別為34.05、30.52及27.19 mm·h^-1。EPHR的發(fā)生時(shí)次與EXHP重合率高。EPHR事件的持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)可達(dá)44 h,最大累積降水量可達(dá)542.03 mm,而EXHP的小時(shí)降水量更強(qiáng)。環(huán)渤海地區(qū)極端降水多發(fā)于夜間到清晨,長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)多集中在上午,四川盆地則集中在凌晨。造成長(zhǎng)江中下游遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水的最大臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度在3個(gè)地區(qū)中最強(qiáng)。極端降水落區(qū)與臺(tái)風(fēng)的最遠(yuǎn)距離發(fā)生在環(huán)渤海地區(qū),可達(dá)4 333.1 km。

Abstract:

Typhoon remote precipitation can be divided into Extreme Hourly Precipitation (EXHP) and Extremely Persistent Heavy Rainfall (EPHR). Because of its long distance and complex mechanism, it is a major challenge in the operational forecast of heavy precipitation. In order to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of typhoon remote extreme precipitation, this paper reveal the basic characteristics of the EXHP and EPHR events in Chinese Mainland by using the CMORPH satellite precipitation data from 2009 to 2019 and the best path data set of tropical cyclones. Results show that the Bohai Rim, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin are three high incidence areas of EPHR and EXHP events caused by typhoon remote precipitation. The criterion for typhoon remote precipitation EPHR is that the duration of heavy precipitation more than 5 hours. In three different areas, the threshold values of EXHP are 34.05, 30.52, 27.19 mm·h^-1, respectively. The coincidence rate between the occurrence time of EPHR and EXHP is high. The duration of EPHR event can reach 44 h at most, and the maximum accumulated precipitation can reach 542.03 mm, while the hourly precipitation of EXHP is stronger. Extreme precipitation occurs frequently from night to morning around the Bohai Sea, mainly in the morning in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and in the early morning in Sichuan Basin.The maximum typhoon intensity causing extreme precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the strongest in the three places. The average typhoon moving speed of EXHP in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Sichuan Basin is less than EPHR. The typhoon causing extreme precipitation can occur in the Bohai Rim at the longest distance, up to 4 333.1 km.

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黃鈺婧,黃小剛,周燕.中國(guó)大陸臺(tái)風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)距離極端降水的基本特征.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(2):317-327 HUANG Yujing, HUANG Xiaogang, ZHOU Yan. Characteristics of typhoon remote extreme precipitation in Chinese Mainland. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(2):317-327

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收稿日期:2022-11-15
最后修改日期:2023-03-12
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-05-17
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