臺風(fēng)生成階段周期性對流爆發(fā)機(jī)制及輻射的影響

doi:10.12306/2024jms.0029

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2024年第44卷第3期 >462-473. DOI:10.12306/2024jms.0029

臺風(fēng)生成階段周期性對流爆發(fā)機(jī)制及輻射的影響
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                        10.12306/2024jms.0029
                    
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中圖分類號:P444
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(42275049)

Mechanism of periodic convective bursts during tropical cyclogenesis and impact of radiation

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最新觀測統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明臺風(fēng)生成前對流活動(dòng)存在周期性特征,周期集中在18~26 h,峰值多出現(xiàn)在夜間。本文通過一系列理想的云分辨數(shù)值控制試驗(yàn)和輻射敏感性對比試驗(yàn)討論了臺風(fēng)生成階段周期性對流爆發(fā)的成因以及輻射日變化在此過程中產(chǎn)生的影響。結(jié)果表明,在給定無日變化的恒定太陽輻射情況下,臺風(fēng)生成過程中也會出現(xiàn)與觀測一致的周期性對流爆發(fā),說明輻射日變化不是該周期性形成的控制因素。對濕靜力能擾動(dòng)的收支分析發(fā)現(xiàn)邊界層中濕靜力能的周期性增減是導(dǎo)致周期性深對流爆發(fā)的關(guān)鍵因素。深對流爆發(fā)形成的冷池通過平流作用降低了邊界層內(nèi)的濕靜力能,需要通過輻射與海表面通量過程使其恢復(fù),才能再次觸發(fā)對流。輻射日變化對于一些較弱的熱帶低壓渦旋有調(diào)制作用,能使其周期性對流爆發(fā)的峰值時(shí)間相位改變并趨于在夜晚出現(xiàn);但對于較強(qiáng)的渦旋,輻射的這種調(diào)制作用并不顯著,渦旋會保持其最初對流爆發(fā)的周期和相位。本研究對觀測到的臺風(fēng)生成階段對流峰值出現(xiàn)在白天或夜間的情況都可以作出合理解釋,也深化了對臺風(fēng)生成過程對流和輻射的作用和影響科學(xué)問題的理解。

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The statistical analysis of observation shows that there is a periodic characteristic of convective activity before the formation of tropical cyclones, with periods concentrated between 18-26 hours and peaks mostly occurring at night. This article discussed the causes of periodic convective bursts during tropical cyclogenesis and the impact of daily variations in radiation during this process through a series of idealized cloud-resolved numerical control experiments and comparative experiments of radiation sensitivity. Results indicate that under a constant solar radiation without daily variation, periodic convective bursts may also occur during tropical cyclogenesis as in observation, indicating that diurnal radiation cycle is not only the controlling factor of the periodic convection. The analysis of the budget of moist static energy anomaly reveals that the periodic increase or decrease of moist static energy in the boundary layer is a key factor affecting the occurrence of periodic deep convection. The cold pool formed by the outbreak of deep convection reduces the moist static energy in the boundary layer through advection, which needs to be recovered through radiation and surface flux processes in order to trigger convection again. The diurnal variation of radiation has a modulating effect on some weaker tropical depressions, which can cause the peak time phase of periodic convective bursts to change and to appear at night; but for strong vortices, the modulation effect of radiation is not significant, and vortices will maintain their initial period and peak time phase of convective burst. This study can provide a reasonable explanation for the observed occurrence of convective peaks during the daytime or nighttime during the tropical cyclogenesis, and also advance the understanding of scientific issues on the role and impact of convection and radiation on tropical cyclogenesis.

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滕昱盛,唐曉東.臺風(fēng)生成階段周期性對流爆發(fā)機(jī)制及輻射的影響.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(3):462-473 TENG Yusheng, TANG Xiaodong. Mechanism of periodic convective bursts during tropical cyclogenesis and impact of radiation. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(3):462-473

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收稿日期:2024-03-17
最后修改日期:2024-04-22
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-16
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