祁連山冷鋒過程中積層混合云微物理特征飛機(jī)觀測(cè)研究

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0032

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祁連山冷鋒過程中積層混合云微物理特征飛機(jī)觀測(cè)研究
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0032
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P412.24
基金項(xiàng)目:國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2019YFC1510302); 第二次青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察研究(2019QZKK0104); 青海省科技計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2021-ZJ-T04);青海省氣象局重點(diǎn)資助項(xiàng)目(QXZ2021-09);青海省防災(zāi)減災(zāi)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金資助項(xiàng)目(QFZ-2021-Z12)

Aircraft observation study on microphysical characteristics of cumulus hybrid clouds during a cold front in Qilian Mountains

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利用高性能空中國王飛機(jī)搭載的DMT(Droplet Measurement Technologies)探測(cè)系統(tǒng),分析2020年6月15—16日祁連山地區(qū)兩次冷鋒過程前后積層混合云的宏微觀特征。結(jié)果表明:冷鋒前CIP(Cloud Imaging Probe)粒子平均濃度在10¹~10²L^-1,PIP(Precipitation Imaging Probe)粒子濃度在10² L^-1;CIP粒子數(shù)濃度隨高度逐漸上升,降水粒子在7 300 m時(shí)濃度達(dá)到峰值后下降;平均粒子譜拓寬速率為3.5 mm·km^-1,隨著高度的下降而降低。冷鋒前存在對(duì)流泡區(qū)域,對(duì)流泡內(nèi)粒子濃度均高出對(duì)流泡外,粒子譜拓寬速率高出層云一倍。冷鋒后大CIP粒子粒子濃度為10² L^-1,降水粒子濃度為10⁰~10² L^-1,粒子譜拓寬速率為1.5 mm·km^-1,較冷鋒前粒子譜拓寬速率小1.7倍。鋒前后粒子均呈現(xiàn)多峰型;鋒前積層混合云云中對(duì)流泡內(nèi)外譜型一致,云頂處對(duì)流泡內(nèi)外峰值粒徑不同。鋒前云粒子形狀為聚合狀、枝狀、柱狀和不規(guī)則狀,以聚合狀為主;云內(nèi)冰晶以凇附和聚合增長為主;對(duì)流泡內(nèi)外在粒子形態(tài)上沒有明顯差異。鋒后粒子形狀以不規(guī)則粒子為主,云粒子增長形式以聚合增長為主,并伴有上層云向下層播撒大云粒子的現(xiàn)象。

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The DMT detection system carried by the high-performance King Air aircraft of the Qinghai Provincial Artificial Weather Office was used to analyze the macro and micro characteristics of cumulus hybrid clouds before and after the two cold front processes in the Qilian Mountains region on June 15 and 16, 2020. Results show that: average CIP particle concentrations between 10¹-10² L^-1 before the cold front, and precipitation particle concentrations at 10² L^-1. The concentration of CIP particle number gradually increases with height, and the concentration of precipitation particles peaks at 7 300 m and then decreases; the average particle spectrum broadening rate was 4.5 mm·km^-1, which decreases with height. The convective bubble region exists in front of the cold front, and the particle concentration inside it was higher than that outside, and the particle spectrum broadening rate was 1.5 times higher than that of the stratus cloud. (2) After the cold front, the particle concentration of large CIP particles was 10² L^-1 and the particle concentration of PIP particles was 10⁰-10² L^-1, and the particle spectrum broadening rate was 2.6 mm·km^-1, which was 1.7 times smaller than the particle spectrum broadening rate before the cold front. (3) Multi-peak type was the particle characteristic before and after the front. The spectral patterns of convective bubbles inside and outside the frontal cumulus mixed cloud were consistent, and the peak particle sizes inside and outside the convective bubbles at the cloud top were different. (4) The front cloud particle shape was aggregated, dendritic, columnar and irregular, with aggregation as the main shape. The freezing and aggregation growth was the form of ice crystal growth within the cloud. There was no obvious difference in particle morphology inside and outside the convective bubble. The particle shape after the front was dominated by irregular particles, and the cloud particle growth form was dominated by aggregation growth, and accompanied by the phenomenon of sowing large cloud particles from the upper cloud to the lower layer.

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張玉欣,韓輝邦,康曉燕,郭世鈺.祁連山冷鋒過程中積層混合云微物理特征飛機(jī)觀測(cè)研究.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(3):558-571 ZHANG Yuxin, HAN Huibang, KANG Xiaoyan, GUO Shiyu. Aircraft observation study on microphysical characteristics of cumulus hybrid clouds during a cold front in Qilian Mountains. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(3):558-571

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收稿日期:2022-02-17
最后修改日期:2022-04-28
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-16
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