海南島地區(qū)秋汛期形成原因探討

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0004

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海南島地區(qū)秋汛期形成原因探討
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0004
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P426.614
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41975106)

A study on causes of the autumn heavy rainy season formation over Hainan Island

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基于1998—2017年海南島地區(qū)18個(gè)臺(tái)站逐日降水觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)、TRMM逐日降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和ERA5再分析數(shù)據(jù)集等資料,使用資料統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和數(shù)值模式模擬等方法,對(duì)海南島地區(qū)秋汛期形成原因進(jìn)行了研究。觀測(cè)分析表明,海南島地區(qū)的降水隨季節(jié)的變化與華南及同緯度帶的其他地區(qū)存在顯著差異,降水季節(jié)峰期出現(xiàn)在秋季,主要集中于9—10月。秋季,西南夏季風(fēng)開始向東北冬季風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)換,受其影響,海南島地區(qū)上空處于偏東氣流帶中,秋汛期降水分布明顯東多西少,且降水中心位于山前迎風(fēng)坡一側(cè),東風(fēng)氣流在鐘形地形的阻擋抬升作用下,致使其東部降水增多。此時(shí)秋季南海海表溫度仍較高,有利于維持和增強(qiáng)海南島秋季降水。通過WRF v4.3(Weather Research and Forecast Version 4.3)一系列的數(shù)值敏感性試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了海南島地形、海陸熱力差異及南海較高的海溫對(duì)海南島秋汛期的形成起著決定性作用。

Abstract:

Based on the observed daily precipitation data from 18 meteorological stations in Hainan Island, TRMM daily precipitation data and ERA5 reanalysis datasets from 1998 to 2017, the causes of formation of the Autumn Heavy Rainy Season over Hainan Island (AHRSHI) were investigated by using statistical analysis and numerical model simulations. Observational analysis shows that the seasonal variation of precipitation in Hainan Island is significantly different from that in South China and other areas of the same latitude belt, with the seasonal peak of precipitation occurring in autumn, mainly in September-October. In autumn, the southwest summer monsoon begins to shift to the northeast winter monsoon. Influenced by the northeast monsoon, the air over Hainan Island is in the easterly flow belt, and the precipitation in the AHRSHI is obviously more in the east than in the west. Moreover, the precipitation center is located on the windward side of the mountain front, and the easterly flow under the blocking and lifting effect of the bell-shaped topography let to the increase of precipitation in the east. At this time, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) in autumn is still in a relatively high state, which is conducive to maintaining and enhancing the AHRSHI. It is verified that the topography of Hainan Island, the sea-land thermal contrast, and the high SST in the SCS play a decisive role in the formation of the AHRSHI by a series of numerical model simulations, using Weather Research and Forecast Version 4.3 (WRF v4.3).

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黃穎婷,徐海明,朱安豹.海南島地區(qū)秋汛期形成原因探討.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(4):616-629 HUANG Yingting, XU Haiming, ZHU Anbao. A study on causes of the autumn heavy rainy season formation over Hainan Island. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(4):616-629

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收稿日期:2022-10-17
最后修改日期:2022-12-18
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-23
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