青藏高原積雪深度變化及其影響因素分析

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0094

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青藏高原積雪深度變化及其影響因素分析
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0094
                    
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中圖分類號:P426.635
基金項目:第二次青藏高原科考資助項目(2019QZKK0103);國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(42061134009;41975002)

Analysis on the variation of snow depth and its influencing factors in Tibetan Plateau

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基于青藏高原逐日積雪深度和地表太陽輻射、逐月氣溫和降水量資料,利用多種統(tǒng)計方法,分析了該地區(qū)近幾十年雪深變化特征及其與氣象因素的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:高原積雪深度在1970s和1980s總體呈現(xiàn)顯著增加的趨勢,1990s中期之后開始減少,2000年后高原雪深仍然以減少為主,顯著減少區(qū)域位于羌塘高原,顯著增加區(qū)域位于喜馬拉雅山脈、喀喇昆侖山以及高原中東部高海拔地區(qū)。雪深由少雪期到多雪期的突變時間主要處于1960s中期至1970s初,由多雪期到少雪期突變時間主要處于1990s末期至2000s初。青藏高原西部地區(qū)雪深存在13~17 a左右的周期變化,而東部地區(qū)存在3~7 a左右的周期變化。地表太陽輻射的減少是高原1970s和1980s積雪增加的主要因素,兩者呈現(xiàn)較為顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),1990s中后期氣溫的顯著增加是積雪減少的主要因素,兩者呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,降水量與積雪整體呈正相關(guān)性,在溫度相對較低,地表太陽輻射較低的情況下,降水量的增減對積雪的影響更明顯。

Abstract:

Based on the daily snow depth and surface solar radiation, monthly temperature, and precipitation data of the Tibetan Plateau, various statistical methods were used to analyze the characteristics of snow depth changes in the region in recent decades and their relationship with meteorological factors. Results show that the snow depth on the plateau showed a significant increasing trend in the 1970s and 1980s, and began to decrease after the mid-1990s. After 2000, the snow depth on the plateau still mainly decreased. The significantly reduced area is located in the Qiangtang Plateau, and the significantly increased area is located in the Himalayas, the Karakoram Mountains and the high altitude areas in the middle and east of the plateau. The sudden change of snow depth from less to more snow period mainly occurred in the mid-1960s to early 1970s, and the sudden change from more to less mainly occurred in the late 1990s to early 2000s. The snow depth in the western region of the Tibetan Plateau varies periodically from 13 to 17 years, while in the eastern region it varies periodically from 3 to 7 years. The decrease in surface solar radiation was the main factor contributing to the increase in snow cover on the plateau in the 1970s and 1980s, with a significant negative correlation between the two. The significant increase in temperature in the mid to late 1990s was the main factor contributing to the decrease in snow cover, with a negative correlation between the two. The overall correlation between precipitation and snow cover was positive. In the case of relatively low temperature and low surface solar radiation, the increase or decrease in precipitation had a more significant impact on snow cover.

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葉聰霄,馬曉燕.青藏高原積雪深度變化及其影響因素分析.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(4):630-642 YE Congxiao, MA Xiaoyan. Analysis on the variation of snow depth and its influencing factors in Tibetan Plateau. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(4):630-642

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收稿日期:2022-09-25
最后修改日期:2022-10-28
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-23
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